Overview and Assessment

Question 1

The epidermis has _____ layers and is _______.

Answer 1

5 layers
Avascular
Contains melanocytes, melanin, and langerhans cells.

Question 2

The dermis is made up of ______ and is ______.

Answer 2

Collagen and elastin connective tissue
vascular
Contains hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands, lymphatics, blood vessels, nerve endings, firoblasts, macrophages, WBCs, and mast cells.

Question 3

The subcutaneous tissue layer is made up of ____

and is _____.

Answer 3

Adipose and fascia
highly vascular
Loose connective tissue
at tissue for energy

Question 4

Name the five layers of the epidermis.

Answer 4

Corneum: Dead keratinocytes, 3/4 of the epidermis thickness. Physical barrier for protection from trauma and infection.
Lucidum: flattened, dead keratinocytes
Granulosum: 3-5 flattened cell rows of increased concentration of keratin.
Spinosum: several rows of mature keratinocytes.
Basal: single row of keratinocytes that produce the protein keratin.
Basement membrane provides scaffolding and selective filter between epidermis and dermis.

Question 5

How many days does it take for cells to travel from the stratum basale to stratum corneum?

Answer 5

14-21 days

Question 6

How does the epidermis receive nutrients and blood supply?

Answer 6

Diffusion from the dermis across the semipermeable basement membrane.

Question 7

Merkel cells detect _____?

Answer 7

Light touch, they are mechanoreceptors

Question 8

These cells are present in deeper layers that help fight infection by engulfing foreign materials.

Answer 8

Langerhans cells

Question 9

Sudiferous/sweat glands are located everywhere in the body except ______

Answer 9

lips and ears

sebum may also slow growth of bacteria

Question 10

Hair follicles are an example of ______ keratin, while nails are examples of ________ keratin.

Answer 10

soft

hard

Question 11

The 2 layers of the dermis are the _____ and ____.

Answer 11

Papillary layer. Anchors to the basement membrane. Friction causes blisters.
Reticular layer. Dense connective tissue that provides structural support. deeper and thicker

Question 12

Name 6 functions of the epidermis.

Answer 12

1. Barrier
2. Regulates fluid
3. Produces skin coloration
4. Light touch sensation
5. Assists with excretion
6. Temperature regulation

Question 13

Name 4 function of subcutaneous tissues.

Answer 13

1. Insulation
2. Padding
3. Energy
4. Support

Question 14

How long does the inflammatory phase last?

What is the goal of this phase?

Answer 14

3-7 days

Provide hemostasis and clear away bacteria, foreign material, and dead tissues

Question 15

These cells are phagocytic and stimulate fibroblast activity for proliferative phase.

Answer 15

Macrophages.

Question 16

Vasoconstriction in the inflammatory phase is mediated by ___, ____, and ____.

Answer 16

serotonin, norepinephrine, and the ANS

Question 17

Platelets aggregate at the injured site and release 3 chemical mediators. What are they and what are their roles?

Answer 17

Cytokines: signaling proteins
Growth factors: control cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism
Chemotactic agents: attract cells necessary for repair.