Overview Flashcards
What do publishing companies do?
These own the copyright for the composition / songs They work on behalf of composers.
Ensure composers / songwriters receive payment when their work is used commercially
What are some pros of a major publishing company? (3)
- Lots of contacts so good distribution of compositions
- Increased sales
- Excellent marketing and promotion
What are some cons of a major publishing company? (3)
- Large companies have lots of other composers harder to have your own work published
- Publishing company will take a cut of the earnings
- They will edit your work, you have less control
What are the pros of self publishing (online)? (3)
- You have more control over the editing process
- Can be a stepping stone into a larger company
- Keep more of a profit from the song
What the cons of self publishing (online)? (3)
- Less marketing and promotion
- song may not get used, less sales potentially
- Less opportunities for your work to be distributed
What is the difference between a publishing company and record label?
A publishing company owns compositions rights whereas record labels own rights to sound and videos recordings
What do recording companies do?
They coordinate the productions, manufacture, distribution, marketing and promotion of their artist or band’s music
What are the 3 major record labels?
Sony Music Entertainemnt Warner Music Group Universal Music Group
What are pros of major record labels? (3)
- Huge financial advantage, lots of surplus money
- Payment often upfront prior to music sale
- Excellent advertising and links to media - Label is well known with a good reputation
What are cons of major record labels? (3)
- Difficult to stand out with so many bands in large labels
- Less control over the music, label is more interested in mass market and sales than the band’s style
- label takes a large cut of the earnings
What are the pros of independant record labels? (3)
- Contracts are more friendly for the band
- Close personal relationship with managers in label
- Cater more to what the artist wants - Less interested in mass market
What are the cons of independant record labels? (3)
- Lack of money
- Less publicity and promotion
- Less contacts with the media
What is an agency?
An agency is an organisation that provides a particular service on behalf of a artist / band
What is a royalty?
Every time music is used commercially, a percentage of earnings is given to the artist, label, songwriter etc.
What is the P.R.S?
Performing Rights Society - Licenses the composer’s copyright for public performances of their songs
What is the M.C.P.S?
Mechanical Copyright Protection Society - Licenses the composer’s copyright for sound recordings. Collect money for physical sales (cds etc.)
What is PPL Licensing?
Phonographic Performance Limited - Licenses the right to perform sound recording in public performances. Collect royalties for performers on recordings
What is the role of PR? (3)
- To promote a new release or artist to the media
- Generate maximum publicity
- Liaise with record labels and media to get good album reviews and interviews with bands
What does a booking agent do?
- Communicates with bands to agree on tour dates - Contacts promoters and venues to pitch bands to them
What does a stylist do? (3)
- Help band create an image
- Create a suitable style
- Chooses clothes, hair styles
What does a hire company do?
Hire companies provide the equipment that bands might need.
Why might you hire sound and lighting equipment? (3)
- Equipment is expensive, if a venue or band doesn’t use it regularly it would be cheaper to hire
- Equipment is high quality and usually the most up-to-date technology
- Hire company may provide live sound technicians and engineers to operate the equipment meaning the band can focus on performing
Why would you hire rehearsal and studio space? (2)
- To record music in a room with the best acoustic
- Excellent acoustics and large enough space for a rehearsal e.g orchestra
What does a union do? (4)
Provide support and guidance workers might need for:
- Monitoring employment conditions
- Give advice to freelance workers on tax and National Insurance
- Help negotiate minimum rates of pay
- Provide legal support
What does a transport company do?(3)
- Transport equipment and bands on tours
- Provides roadies to carry and set up equipment
- Provides a sleeping coach for the band
What is the MU?
Musicians Union - Union for musicians, composers and instrumental teachers
What is equity?
Union for actors, dancers and other performers
What is BECTU?
Union for those working in production and technical roles
Give 3 examples of a large venue
- Sports Arena
- , Theatre
- , Glastonbury Festival
Give 3 examples of a small venues
- Pub,
- Small Theatre,
- School Stage
What are the pros of a large venue? (3)
- Full of fans, with great atmosphere
- Great publicity and promotion
- Excellent quality equipment
What are the cons of a large venue? (4)
- Less intimate
- -Bad delay of sound at back of venue
- Refreshments and merchandise are expensive
- Large crowd could be dangerous, mosh pits and brawls
What are the pros of a small venue? (3)
- Intimate atmosphere
- Small costs for hiring venues and equipment
- Refreshments are cheaper
What are the cons of a small venue? (3)
- -Small space can get crowded - health and safety risk
- Limited seated - may have to stand
- Bands provide own equipment, lack of resources at gig
What are some safety concerns at a venue? (5)
- Heating, lighting and ventilation
- Safety of electrical equipment
- Toilets and clean drinking water
- First aid and clear emergency exits
- Flow of people in and out of the venue - security on door Stewards to guide audience
What is MPG?
Music Producers Guild - Represents the interests of all those involved in the production of recorded music
What is APRS?
Association of Professional Recording Services - Represent those who work in the audio industry: Recording studios, producers..
What is PLASA?
Professional Lighting and Sound Association - Represent those who supply thechnologies to events in entertainments
Describe features of full time employment (3)
- 37-40 hours per week
- Pension, Sick Pay
- Long term
Describe features of part time employment (3)
- A contract same as full time, less hours
- Can vary from 1-4 days per week
- Long Term
Describe features of Freelance Employment (3)
- Self Employed Committed to a particular employer long term
- Relies on others to give them work
- No long term contract
What is self-employment?
This is when you work for yourself rather than for a business
What is permanent work?
guaranteed work over a certain length of time
Describe some features of casual work (4)
- Not secure
- Varies according to work on offer
- More flexible
- Choice to organise your time
