Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CNS: General CNS > Overview > Flashcards

Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What is the estimated annual incidence of primary CNS tumors in the United States?

A

∼80,000 cases/yr of CNS tumors (∼1/3 of cases are malignant, 2/3 are nonmalignant tumors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the most common intracranial tumor?

A

Brain mets (20%–40% of all cancer pts develop brain mets)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the most common primary histologies associated with brain mets?

A

Most common: lung, breast, melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which primary histologies are associated with hemorrhagic mets?

A

RCC, melanoma, and choriocarcinoma are associated with hemorrhagic mets.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which primaries tend to metastasize to the PF?

A

GU/Pelvic primaries tend to go to the PF, where they are more likely to have a mass effect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most common type of primary CNS tumor in adults?

A

Meningioma (36%) > Glioma (25% of all primary cases, 80% of all malignant tumors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What % of CNS tumors are mets vs. glioma vs. other?

A

Of all CNS tumors, roughly one-third are mets, one-third are gliomas, and one-third are other (meningioma, schwannoma, pituitary, lymphoma, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What % of adult astrocytomas are low grade vs. high grade?

A

25% low grade vs. 75% high grade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the most common histologic type of malignant CNS tumor in children? In adults?

A

Children: juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (JPA) (20% <14 yo vs. 12% >14 yo)

Adults: GBM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the most common benign intracranial tumor in adults?

A

Meningioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the strongest risk factor for developing CNS tumors?

A

Ionizing RT in children (no threshold—glioma, meningioma, nerve sheath)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What CNS tumors are linked to NF-1?

A

Optic glioma, JPA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What CNS tumors are linked to the NF-2?

A

Bilat acoustic neuroma, spinal ependymoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What CNS tumors are linked to the Tuberous sclerosis?

A

Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, retinal hamartoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What CNS tumors are linked to Von Hippel–Lindau?

A

Hemangioblastoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What CNS tumors are linked to Li-Fraumeni?

A

Glioma

17
Q

What CNS tumors are linked to Cowden?

A

Meningioma

18
Q

What CNS tumors are linked to Gorlin?

A

MB

19
Q

What CNS tumors are linked to Turcot?

A

MB, GBM

20
Q

What CNS tumors are linked to RB?

A

Pineoblastoma

21
Q

What CNS tumors are linked to Ataxia telangiectasia?

A

CNS lymphoma

22
Q

What CNS tumors are linked to MEN-1?

A

Pituitary adenoma

23
Q

What are the 4 factors used for grading in the WHO brain tumor grading system?

A

Nuclear Atypia

Cellularity and Mitosis

Endothelial proliferation

Necrosis

(Mnemonic: AMEN)

WHO grade I = no factors present

WHO grade II = atypia

WHO grade III = atypia, mitoses

WHO grade IV = endothelial proliferation or necrosis

24
Q

Which CNS entities/pathologies are known to cross midline?

A

GBM, RT necrosis, meningioma (extra-axial can spread along meninges to contralat side), epidermoid cyst, multiple sclerosis

25
Q

What CNS tumors tend to have CSF spread?

A

MBs and other blastomas (except astroblastoma/GBM), CNS lymphoma, choroid plexus carcinomas, germ cell tumors, and mets

26
Q

What CNS tumors have Flexner–Wintersteiner rosettes?

A

Pineoblastoma and RB (any PNET)

27
Q

What CNS tumors have psammoma bodies?

A

Meningioma and pituitary tumors (uncommon)

28
Q

What CNS tumor type exhibits Verocay bodies? Schiller–Duval bodies?

A

Schwannomas exhibit Verocay bodies, and yolk sac tumors exhibit Schiller–Duval bodies.

29
Q

Which CNS tumors have Homer Wright rosettes?

A

NB, MB, pinealoblastoma, and PNET

30
Q

What CNS tumor has pseudorosettes?

A

Ependymoma

31
Q

What receptors are commonly overexpressed in gliomas?

A

EGFR (30%–50% in GBM tumors) and PDGFR (non-GBM tumors)

32
Q

Neural stem cells express which marker? Why are they important?

A

CD133. Neural stem cells are thought to be precursors for astrocytomas.

33
Q

What gene on chromosome 17 is frequently lost in both low- and high-grade gliomas?

A

The p53 gene is frequently lost in low- and high-grade gliomas.

34
Q

What is the genetic mutation in NF-1, and for which sites does it predispose to gliomas?

A

In NF-1, the genetic mutation is 17q11.2/neurofibromin. It predisposes to optic/intracranial gliomas.

35
Q

Name some acute RT complications in pts receiving RT for CNS tumors.

A

Alopecia, dermatitis, fatigue, transient worsening of neurologic Sx, n/v, otitis externa, seizures, and edema

36
Q

What is the timing and mechanism of somnolence syndrome?

A

6–12 wks post-RT, due to transient demyelination of axons

37
Q

What are some common late complications of RT to the CNS? What is the timing for these?

A

Radionecrosis, leukoencephalopathy, retinopathy, cataracts, endocrine deficits, memory loss, learning deficits, and hearing loss; 3 mos to 3 yrs

CNS: General CNS (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions