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JS 1.2 - Prokaryotic cells vs Eukaryotic cells > Overview > Flashcards

Overview Flashcards

1
Q

In simple terms what is the difference between a prokaryotic cell than a eukayotic cell

A

A prokaryotic cell has a more primitive and simpler structure than a eukaryotic cells

Pro kary otic

Eu kary otic cell

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2
Q

What is the name of an organism made up exclusively of prokaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryote

Pro kary ote

e.g. Bacteria, blue algae bacteria

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3
Q

What is the name of an organism made up of eukaryotic cells

A

Eukaryote

EU kary ote

e.g. Plant, animal, fungi, proctotists

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4
Q

What type of organisms are prokaryotes?

A

Bacteria and blue-green algae?

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5
Q

What does the word prokaryote mean?

A

Before the neucleus

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6
Q

Describe a prokaryotic cell

A
  • A bacterial cell which has a single chromosome, containing DNA, which is NOT surrounded by a nuclear membrane and is NOT surrounded by protiens
  • It is called a Nucleoid
  • Nu cleoid
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7
Q

What is the name given to the other small rings of DNA found in prokaryotic bacterial cell?

A
  • Plasmids
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8
Q

Can plasmids replicate themselves independently of the main chromosome?

A

YES

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9
Q

What substance strengthens the cell wall of a prokaryotic bacterial cell?

A

Murein

Mu rein

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10
Q

What are the 7 features of a bacterial cell that you could be asked to draw?

A
  • Cell surface membrane
    • Including Meurin
  • Flagellum - Fla gell um
  • Nucleoid - Nu cle oid
  • Cytoplasm - Cy to plasm
  • Ribosome - Ri bo some
  • Capsule - Cap sule
  • Cell wall -
  • Mesosomes - Meso somes
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11
Q

Where might respiration occur in a prokaryotic bacterial cell?

A
  • A prokaryotic cell
  • Can develop inner extensions of the cell wall
  • Called mesosomes
  • This is where respiration takes place.
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12
Q

What is the process by which prokaryotic bacterial cells feed?

A

Extra cellular digestion

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13
Q

How does extracellular digestion occur in a prokaryotic bacterial cell?

A

The prokaryotic bacterial cells, release enzymes onto their food and absorb the digested products.

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14
Q

In which structure within prokaryotic bacterial cell, are enzymes used in extra cellular digestion made?

A

Ribosomes

Ri bo somes

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15
Q

What is the name of the hair like strucutures found on the outside of a prokaryotic bacterial cell

A

Flagella

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16
Q

What is the function of flagella

A

They help the cell to propel itself along. (Movement)

17
Q

Good to know

A

Eukaryotic cells probably evolved from pro karyotic cells some 1 billion years ago

18
Q

What does the word eukaryotic mean

A

True neucleus

19
Q

What does the words true neucleus mean

A

The DNA in these eurkaryotic cells is held within a nuclear membrane

20
Q

What is an organelle

A

An organelle is one of several structures with specialized functions, suspended in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.

21
Q

Name two organelles found in a eurkaryotic cell

A
  • Mitochondria
  • Chloroplasts
22
Q

What metabolic processes occur in mitochondria

A
  • Respiration
23
Q

What metabolic processes occur in chloroplasts

A

Photosynthesis

Photo syn thesis

24
Q

What are differences between a Prokaryotic cell and a Eukaryotic cell?

A

PCs are small (1-10μM), simple organisms e.g. Bacteria…whereas ECs are larger (10-100μM) and more complex e.g. plants, animals, fungi protoctists

PCs have no distinct nucleus, the main chromosome has no membrane (A nucleiod), in contrast ECs have linear chromosomes with a membrane.

The DNA in PCs is circular and not associated with proteins, plasmids can be present, the DNA in ECs is usually linear and associated with histone proteins, however paslmids are absent

The cell walls of PCs are rigid and contain murein, whereas the cell walls of ECs (plants, fungi and some proctotists) are not quite so rigid and do not contain murein

PCs have very few organelles, except for small ribosomes (70s type) which have no membrane whereas ECs have larger organelles (80s type)

25
Q

What are the differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

A

JS 1.2 - Prokaryotic cells vs Eukaryotic cells (1 decks)

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