Overview Flashcards
In simple terms what is the difference between a prokaryotic cell than a eukayotic cell
A prokaryotic cell has a more primitive and simpler structure than a eukaryotic cells
Pro kary otic
Eu kary otic cell
What is the name of an organism made up exclusively of prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryote
Pro kary ote
e.g. Bacteria, blue algae bacteria
What is the name of an organism made up of eukaryotic cells
Eukaryote
EU kary ote
e.g. Plant, animal, fungi, proctotists
What type of organisms are prokaryotes?
Bacteria and blue-green algae?
What does the word prokaryote mean?
Before the neucleus
Describe a prokaryotic cell
- A bacterial cell which has a single chromosome, containing DNA, which is NOT surrounded by a nuclear membrane and is NOT surrounded by protiens
- It is called a Nucleoid
- Nu cleoid
What is the name given to the other small rings of DNA found in prokaryotic bacterial cell?
- Plasmids
Can plasmids replicate themselves independently of the main chromosome?
YES
What substance strengthens the cell wall of a prokaryotic bacterial cell?
Murein
Mu rein
What are the 7 features of a bacterial cell that you could be asked to draw?
- Cell surface membrane
- Including Meurin
- Flagellum - Fla gell um
- Nucleoid - Nu cle oid
- Cytoplasm - Cy to plasm
- Ribosome - Ri bo some
- Capsule - Cap sule
- Cell wall -
- Mesosomes - Meso somes
Where might respiration occur in a prokaryotic bacterial cell?
- A prokaryotic cell
- Can develop inner extensions of the cell wall
- Called mesosomes
- This is where respiration takes place.
What is the process by which prokaryotic bacterial cells feed?
Extra cellular digestion
How does extracellular digestion occur in a prokaryotic bacterial cell?
The prokaryotic bacterial cells, release enzymes onto their food and absorb the digested products.
In which structure within prokaryotic bacterial cell, are enzymes used in extra cellular digestion made?
Ribosomes
Ri bo somes
What is the name of the hair like strucutures found on the outside of a prokaryotic bacterial cell
Flagella
What is the function of flagella
They help the cell to propel itself along. (Movement)
Good to know
Eukaryotic cells probably evolved from pro karyotic cells some 1 billion years ago
What does the word eukaryotic mean
True neucleus
What does the words true neucleus mean
The DNA in these eurkaryotic cells is held within a nuclear membrane
What is an organelle
An organelle is one of several structures with specialized functions, suspended in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.
Name two organelles found in a eurkaryotic cell
- Mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
What metabolic processes occur in mitochondria
- Respiration
What metabolic processes occur in chloroplasts
Photosynthesis
Photo syn thesis
What are differences between a Prokaryotic cell and a Eukaryotic cell?
PCs are small (1-10μM), simple organisms e.g. Bacteria…whereas ECs are larger (10-100μM) and more complex e.g. plants, animals, fungi protoctists
PCs have no distinct nucleus, the main chromosome has no membrane (A nucleiod), in contrast ECs have linear chromosomes with a membrane.
The DNA in PCs is circular and not associated with proteins, plasmids can be present, the DNA in ECs is usually linear and associated with histone proteins, however paslmids are absent
The cell walls of PCs are rigid and contain murein, whereas the cell walls of ECs (plants, fungi and some proctotists) are not quite so rigid and do not contain murein
PCs have very few organelles, except for small ribosomes (70s type) which have no membrane whereas ECs have larger organelles (80s type)
What are the differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
