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NBCE PT > Overview > Flashcards

Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Contraindications to ALL modalities (3)

A

Hemorrhage
Infection with suppuration
Malignancy (EXCEPT TENS)

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2
Q

Contraindications to heating

A

DM, active TB, sensory loss, pregnancy (LB or abdomen), swelling/edema/acute injury

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3
Q

Contraindications to electrical

A

Carotid sinus, anesthesia (EXCEPT HV), pregnancy (EXCEPT TENS), open wounds

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4
Q

Acute

A

Up to 72 hours

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5
Q

AC current

A

Biphasic (no polarity)

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6
Q

DC current

A

Monophasic (polarity)

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7
Q

Electrothermal

A

HEAT: microvibration leads to heat

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8
Q

Electrochemical

A

Iontophoresis DC current

Opioids: endorphins freq 1-10; enkephalins freq 70-120

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9
Q

Electrophysical

A

Kinetic: ions push and shift Na/K pumps resulting in contraction

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10
Q

Increase frequency

A

Get deeper penetration

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11
Q

Medium frequency

A

Decreased skin impedance (Use big electrode and increase voltage)

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12
Q

Pad rule

A

1 mA/ square inch pad

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13
Q

Monopolar pad

A

Large area or trigger/acupuncture point)

large dispersal/ground pad and active pads small

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14
Q

Bipolar

A

Small muscle group

dispersal and active pads are equal size

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15
Q

Quadripolar

A

Criss-cross pattern

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16
Q

Chronaxie

A

The time necessary for contraction when the rheobase is doubled

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17
Q

Rheobase

A

the minimum volts necessary to excite a nerve (threshold)

18
Q

Reaction of degeneration (RD factor)

A

Innervated and denervated muscle respond differently. galvanic and faradic current are compared to determine extent of damage and prognosis

19
Q

EMG

A

Elecromyography- best for testing muscles

20
Q

NCV

A

Nerve conduction velocity- best for testing nerves

21
Q

Arndt-Schultz Principle

A

Energy of modality has to be absorbed by body to stimulate physiological response

22
Q

Grotthus-Draper law

A

Inverse relationship between penetration and absorption of energy

23
Q

Hunting-Lewis reaction

A

Pumping of hot and cold cycles

24
Q

Cryotherapy

A
  1. Vasocontriction
  2. Anesthesia
  3. Pumping reaction
25
Q

Cryotherapy stages

A

Cold, burn, ache, numb

26
Q

Convection

A

Transmission of heat via gases and liquids

27
Q

Convection examples

A

Hot & cold baths, IR

28
Q

Radiation

A

Transmission of heat without heating intervening medium

29
Q

Radiation examples

A

Lamps, MWD, IR, UV

30
Q

Conversion

A

Electrical energy to mechanical energy (heat)

31
Q

Conversion examples

A

Ultrasound (reverse piezoelectric)

32
Q

Conduction

A

Transfer of heat through a substance; often heating up a solid

33
Q

Conduction examples

A

Ice, hydrocollator, paraffin, IR

34
Q

Cold

35
Q

Cool

36
Q

Tepid

37
Q

Neutral

38
Q

Warm

39
Q

Hot

40
Q

Very hot

NBCE PT (3 decks)

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