Overview

Question 1

Where are the adrenal glands located?

Answer 1

on top the kidneys

retroperitoneal

Question 2

what is the shape of the right adrenal gland?

Answer 2

triangular

Question 3

what is the shape of the left adrenal gland?

Answer 3

semilunar

Question 4

What are the areas of relation of the right adrenal gland?

Answer 4

hepatic
IVC
diaphragm
kidney

Question 5

What are the areas of relation of the left adrenal gland?

Answer 5

stomach
pancreas
diaphragm
kidney

Question 6

What is the cortex of the adrenal glands?

Answer 6

outer covering of adrenal glands

Question 7

When and where does the adrenal glands originate?

Answer 7

Originates around 5th week from mesodermal tissue near gonads on the adrenogenital ridge

Question 8

What color does the adrenal glands appear?

Answer 8

yellow due to its high lipid content

Question 9

How much of the adrenal gland does the cortex account for?

Answer 9

about 80% to 90% of gland’s volume

Question 10

Where else can cortex ectopic tissue be found?

Answer 10

ovaries, spermatic cord, and testes

Question 11

What does the cortex differentiate into?

Answer 11

thin definitive cortex and a thicker inner fetal cortex

Question 12

What are the three zones of the cortex?

Answer 12

Glomerulosa
Fasciculata
Reticularis

Question 13

what does the three zones of the cortex produce?

Answer 13

mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens.

Question 14

How much of the adrenal gland does the medulla take up?

Answer 14

20%

Question 15

What color is the medulla?

Answer 15

reddish brown

Question 16

where does the medulla originate?

Answer 16

ectoderm that arises from the neural crest

Question 17

Where does neural crest cells migrate to?

Answer 17

the para-aortic and paravertebral areas

Question 18

where else can ectopic medulla cell be found?

Answer 18

at organ of Zuckerkandl (left of aortic bifurcation near IMA origin). Can also find it in the neck, bladder, and para-aortic regions.

Question 19

What type of cells does the medulla contain?

Answer 19

chromaffin cells

Question 20

What does chroffmin cells produce?

Answer 20

Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 21

What is the blood supply of the suprarenal glands?

Answer 21

superior/middle/inferior suprarenal arteries

Question 22

what is the superior suprarenal arteries a branch of?

Answer 22

inferior phrenic arteries

Question 23

What is the middle suprarenal arteries a branch of?

Answer 23

aorta

Question 24

what is the inferior suprarenal arteries a branch of?

Answer 24

renal arteries

Question 25

What is the venous drainage of the adrenal gland?

Answer 25

one suprarenal gland

Question 26

Which vein is shorter?

Answer 26

right vein

IVC is on the right

Question 27

Where does the right adrenal vein empty into?

Answer 27

IVC

Question 28

Which vein is longer?

Answer 28

left adrenal vein

IVC is on the right

Question 29

What does the left adrenal vein empty into?

Answer 29

joins the inferior phrenic vein before both emptying into the left renal vein then into the IVC

Question 30

What is a Pheochromocytoma?

Answer 30

Tumor arising from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and are associated with increased catecholamine production

Question 31

What does a Pheochromocytoma?

Answer 31

Lead to increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, diaphoresis, anxiety, headaches, abdominal pain, and palpitations.