Overview

Question 1

Vulnerable situations & States

Answer 1

Irritation/inflammation – diet, medication, infection

Pressure on protective mechanisms – obesity, pregnancy

Immune dysfunction

Systemic disease

Remember that immunity and the gut is a two way process – the gut can both suffer from and contribute to reduced immune function

Question 2

Key facts?

Answer 2

Can be divided into upper and lower GIT for diagnostic purposes

Large area of tissue open to the outside world – the tract is open at both ends, therefore defence mechanisms need to be robust

Ingestion, digestion, processing, excretion and defence are key functions of the GIT

One of the systems most accessible to herbal treatment

Question 3

Defences?

Answer 3

Physical barrier in the form of sphincters throughout the tract

Goblet cells secreting mucous to protect tissues

Acidic environment in the stomach to provide hostile environment to pathogens

Coordinated peristaltic movement to propel gut contents through and prevent long exposure of any tissues to damaging substances (and reverse peristalsis to expel noxious substances)

Question 4

Protective measures

Answer 4

Optimising diet for reduced inflammation and good motility – consider increased soluble and insoluble fibre, reduced sugar, red meat, alcohol and caffeine, adequate hydration

Maintaining a healthy weight and active lifestyle (be wary of strength training with a diagnosed hiatus hernia)

Manage stress carefully due to negative impacts on digestive health