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Political Parties > Overview > Flashcards

Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What is a political party?

A

A group of people drawn together by a similar set of beliefs, known as an ideology.

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2
Q

How do political parties differ from pressure groups?

A

Parties aspire to form a government and adopt a program of policy commitments, while pressure groups represent a single sectional interest and do not enter candidates at elections.

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3
Q

What is the main function of political parties?

A

Representation of the views of people with certain beliefs.

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4
Q

What does participation in politics involve for political parties?

A

Encouraging people to vote, join a party, and support it through funding.

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: The Labour Party increased its membership by allowing supporters to join for an annual subscription of _______.

A

£3

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6
Q

What role do political parties play in recruiting office holders?

A

They serve as mechanisms for politicians to enter politics, gain experience, and become MPs.

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7
Q

What is a manifesto?

A

A document setting out a party’s proposals for government presented at a general election.

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8
Q

What are the left principles in the political spectrum?

A
  • Desire reform in society
  • Large welfare state
  • Seen as on the right side of social issues
  • Critical of free market economics
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9
Q

What are the right principles in the political spectrum?

A
  • Conserving the status quo
  • Emphasis on order and stability
  • Advocates of a small government
  • Support for individualism and lower taxes
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10
Q

Why do political parties need funding?

A
  • Fighting elections
  • Holding party conferences
  • Developing policies and manifestos
  • Employing staff
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11
Q

What was the total income of the Labour Party in 2021?

A

£45.6 million

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12
Q

What percentage of Labour’s income came from membership fees in 2021?

A

35%

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13
Q

What significant funding source does the Labour Party rely on?

A

Trade unions.

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14
Q

What is ‘Short money’?

A

Public funding intended to support opposition parties to carry out parliamentary business.

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15
Q

True or False: Donations to political parties in the UK have a cap.

A

False

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16
Q

What did the 2000 Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act establish?

A

The Electoral Commission to supervise election campaign spending.

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17
Q

What was the scandal involving ‘Cash for peerage’?

A

Link between loans to the Labour Party and nominations for life peerage in the House of Lords.

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18
Q

Who was Bernie Ecclestone?

A

A motor-racing boss who donated £1 million to Labour, alleged to have influenced tobacco advertising laws.

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19
Q

What is one key theme of Thatcherism?

A

Control of public spending combined with tax cuts.

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20
Q

What did the ‘Big Society’ concept promote?

A

A partnership between the state and the voluntary sector.

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21
Q

What was a significant policy focus during Cameron’s leadership?

A

Reducing the budget deficit inherited from the previous Labour government.

22
Q

Fill in the blank: The Coalition’s welfare policy aimed to encourage _______ among benefit recipients.

A

self-reliance

23
Q

What is the significance of the universal credit system?

A

It was intended to simplify and reduce welfare costs.

24
Q

What was the response in office to accusations of irresponsible overspending?

A

Austerity measures were implemented to maintain confidence in financial markets.

This involved public spending cuts across various departments.

25
Q

By how much were the budgets of Whitehall departments cut?

A

Up to 25%.

These cuts were part of the austerity measures following accusations of overspending.

26
Q

What does the term ‘Big Society’ refer to in the context of public spending?

A

It was regarded as a smokescreen for cutting costs by withdrawing the state from the provision of public services.

27
Q

What is the main goal of the coalition’s welfare policy?

A

To cut costs and encourage self-reliance among benefit recipients.

28
Q

How did George Osborne categorize benefit recipients?

A

He distinguished between hard-working ‘strivers’ and undeserving ‘shirkers’.

29
Q

What is the purpose of the Universal Credit system?

A

To simplify the welfare system and encourage low-income individuals to seek employment.

30
Q

What significant change was made to the NHS under the coalition government?

A

A radical overhaul that allowed the private sector to compete with state hospitals.

31
Q

What was the coalition’s attitude towards law and order?

A

A more liberal approach while supporting tough sentencing for certain crimes.

32
Q

What phrase did the coalition use to promote understanding of young offenders?

A

‘Hug a hoodie’.

33
Q

What was the coalition’s approach to rehabilitation?

A

Promoted a ‘rehabilitation revolution’.

34
Q

What was the coalition’s foreign policy consistent with?

A

Thatcherism, including strong links with the USA and support for air strikes against Islamic terror groups.

35
Q

What did the coalition do regarding British membership in the EU?

A

Renegotiated it before holding a referendum.

36
Q

What was a significant outcome of the Scottish Nationalist Party (SNP) in 2007?

A

Became the largest party in the Scottish Parliament.

37
Q

Who is the current leader of the SNP?

A

Humza Yousaf.

38
Q

What was a key achievement of the SNP in the 2011 elections?

A

Became the first single party majority government in the Scottish Parliament.

39
Q

What was the SNP’s stance on the 2014 independence referendum?

A

Despite losing, they retained significant support.

40
Q

What are two key policies of the SNP?

A
  • Invest £118 billion into UK public services
  • Scrap tuition fees and restore free education.
41
Q

What is the Green Party’s approach to social policy?

A

Progressive, including drug policy reform and support for LGBT rights.

42
Q

Who are the current co-leaders of the Green Party?

A

Carla Denyer and Adrian Ramsay.

43
Q

What is UKIP’s main political objective?

A

Withdrawal of the UK from the EU.

44
Q

What significant breakthrough did UKIP achieve in 2013?

A

Came third in the nationwide share of votes in local elections.

45
Q

Who was the most successful leader of UKIP?

A

Nigel Farage.

46
Q

What was a major outcome for UKIP in October 2014?

A

Gained its first elected MP at Westminster.

47
Q

What was a major policy goal of UKIP under Farage?

A

Development into a party standing for traditional conservative and libertarian values.

48
Q

What trend did the UK political system move towards in the 1970s?

A

A breakdown of the two-party system, leading to the emergence of third parties.

49
Q

What does the term ‘two and a half party system’ refer to?

A

A political landscape where support for third parties grows, while still dominated by two main parties.

50
Q

What was a significant event in the 2010 general election?

A

Formation of a coalition government, demonstrating partisan dealignment.

51
Q

What percentage of the vote did the Conservatives and Labour secure in the 2017 general election?

A

82%.

52
Q

What is one consequence of the UK’s first-past-the-post electoral system?

A

It has masked the rise of parties like SNP, UKIP, and the Green Party.

Political Parties (1 decks)

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