Overview Flashcards
Nutrition
The science of assimilation and use of feedstuffs
Assimilation of feed
Digestion and absorption
What does nutrition involve?
Soild science, plant science, economics, etc.
Nutrient functions
Maintenance and production
Maintenance functions
Keeping alive
Walking, tissue repair, etc.
Production functions
Result in saleable goods
Muscle growth, repro, milk, eggs
Nutrition plays a role in…
Quantity
Quality
Health
Repro
Economics
Environment
Nutrition plays a role in…
Quantity
Quality
Health
Repro
Economics
Environment
How does nutrition affect health?
Disease susceptibility and recovery
Immune function
Stress and welfare
What percent of production costs do feed account for?
50%
Which excretion increases with a poor diet?
Ammonia
What is a nutrient?
Elements or compounds required for life
6 classes of nutrients
Water
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Minerals
Vitamins
Essential nutrient
Can’t produce sufficient amounts in the body, must be provided in the diet
Nonessential nutrients
Can produce sufficient amounts with right building blocks
Food/foostuffs/feed/feedstuffs
Edible material providing 6 nutrients
Diet
Mixture of feedstuffs
Ration
Daily diet allocation
Plant nutrients
Simple requirements
Most from soil
Energy from photosynthesis
High carb value
Animal nutrients
More complex
Carbs are primary energy source
Water
Varries a lot between feedstuffs, required nutrient for aq environment
Protein is sourced from…
Plant (remove oil) and animal byproducts
Nutrient composition
Bodies are mostly water and have low carbs
Where are carbs found in the body
Blood stream as glucose and glycogen
High input and conversion to things other than carbs
Protein accumulation…
Decreases over time
Fat deposition…
Increases over time
Protein to fat ratio…
Decreases over time
Digestion
Breaking complex nutrients to absorbable molecules
Gastric digestion
Enzyme source is stomach and pancreas
Monigastrics
Fermentation digestion
Enzyme source is microorganisms
Ruminants
Foregut fermenter
Ferment in rumen before chemical breakdown
Cows
Hindgut fermenter
Ferments in cecum and colon
Horse
Are digestion types mutually exclusive?
No
Saliva has…
Amylase for starch digestion
Why chew?
Increase surface area
Stimulate enzyme secretions
Make swallowable
Duodenum
Bicarbonate buffer added to neutralize so enzymes can work
Secretions come from liver and gall bladder
What do bile salts do
Emulsify lipids
Brush boarder enzymes are produced by
Microvilli
