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Neurology > Overview > Flashcards

Overview Flashcards

1
Q

CN-I is also called what?

A

Olfactory

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2
Q

CN-II is also called what?

A

Optic

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3
Q

Is CN-I sensory, motor, or both?

A

Sensory

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4
Q

CN-I passes through what structure?

A

Pass through cribiform plate of ethmoid bone (Cristae gallae sits between them)

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5
Q

What is unique about CN-I and CN-II that is different from the remaining cranial nerves?

A

They are direct extensions of the brain

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6
Q

Is CN-II sensory, motor, or both?

A

Sensory

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7
Q

What is the function of CN-I?

A

Sense of smell

Supply olfactory mucosa in superior nasal cavity

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8
Q

What is the function of CN-II?

A

Special sense of vision

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9
Q

CN-II passes through what structure?

A

Pass through optic canal

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10
Q

What test(s) is used to assess CN-I?

A

Smell test

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11
Q

What test(s) are used to assess CN-II?

A

Visual acuity

Visual fields

Fundi

Afferent limb of pupillary response

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12
Q

CN-III is also called what?

A

Oculomotor

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13
Q

Is CN-III sensory, motor, or both?

A

Motor

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14
Q

CN-III passes through what structure?

A

Pass through superior orbital
fissure

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15
Q

What test(s) are used to assess CN-III?

A

Eye movement

Accommodation

Pupil constriction

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16
Q

What is the function of CN-III?

A

Muscle movement in the eye (No lateral movement!!)

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17
Q

What does CN-III supply?

A

Inferior rectus

Medial rectus

Inferior oblique

Superior rectus

Levator papelbrae superioris

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18
Q

CN-IV is also called what?

A

Trochlear

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19
Q

Is CN-IV sensory, motor, or both?

A

Motor

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20
Q

What is the function of CN-IV?

A

Motor movement to superior oblique (Depresses, abducts, and medially
rotates the eye)

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21
Q

What test(s) are used to assess CN-IV?

A

Eye Movement

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22
Q

What is the smallest cranial nerve?

A

CN IV - Trochlear

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23
Q

What is the largest cranial nerve?

A

CN V - Trigeminal

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24
Q

CN-V is also called what?

A

Trigeminal

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25
Q

Is CN-V sensory, motor, or both?

A

Both

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26
Q

What test(s) are used to assess CN-V?

A

Corneal reflex (afferent)

Facial sensation

Test masseter and temporalis muscle by having patient bite down

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27
Q

What is the function of CN-V?

A
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28
Q

CN-IV comes from what structure?

A

Comes off the pons

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29
Q

What are the 3 sensory components of CN-V?

A

V1- ophthalmic

V2 – maxillary

V3 – mandibular

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30
Q

What is the motor function of CN-V?

A

Temporal and masseter muscle strength

Lateral movement of jaw

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31
Q

Name the three branches of V1 (ophthalmic branch) of CN-V

A

Frontal

Nasociliary

Lacrimal

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32
Q

V1 provides sensory information of what area(s)?

A

Corneal reflex

Forehead

Nasal cavity

Paranasal sinuses

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33
Q

V2 provides sensory information of what area(s)?

A

Nasal cavity

Palate

Upper teeth

Maxillary sinus

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34
Q

V3 provides sensory information of what area(s)?

A

Oral cavity

Cheek

Tongue

Lower lip

Lower teeth

Skin over mandible

35
Q

V3 provides motor information of what area(s)?

A

Mastication muscles

Suprahyoid muscles

36
Q

CN-VI is also called what?

A

Abducens

37
Q

What is the function of CN-VI?

A

Abduct the eye

38
Q

What test(s) are used to assess CN-VI?

A

Eye Movement test

39
Q

Is CN-VI sensory, motor, or both?

A

motor

40
Q

What does CN-VI supply?

A

Supplies lateral rectus

41
Q

Where does CN-VI enter and exit?

A

Enters via superior orbital fissure

Exits brainstem between pons and medulla

42
Q

CN-V (V3) exits where?

A

Exits via foramen ovale

43
Q

CN-V (V2) exits where?

A

Exits via foramen rotundum

44
Q

CN-V (V1) enters where?

A

Enters via superior orbital fissure

45
Q

CN-VII is also called what?

A

Facial nerve

46
Q

What is the function of CN-VII?

A

Motor to facial nerves and sensory

47
Q

Is CN-VII sensory, motor, or both?

A

Both

48
Q

What test(s) are used to assess CN-VII?

A

Raise eyebrows

Close eyes tight

Grimace

Smile

Corneal reflex (efferent)

49
Q

CN-VII exits where?

A

Exits via internal auditory meatus and canal

50
Q

What are the five branches of CN-VII?

A

Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
cervical

51
Q

CN-VIII is also called what?

A

Auditory

52
Q

What is the function of CN-VIII?

A

Hearing

Equilibrium

Motion (acceleration/deceleration)

53
Q

Is CN-VIII sensory, motor, or both?

A

Sensory

54
Q

What test(s) are used to assess CN-VIII?

A

Test by watch tick, finger rub

Weber-Rinne test if hearing loss noted on history or gross testing

55
Q

CN-VIII exits where?

A

Leaves via internal auditory meatus/canal

56
Q

CN-IX is also called what?

A

Glossopharyngeal

57
Q

Is CN-IX sensory, motor, or both?

A

Both

58
Q

What is the function of CN-IX?

A

Sensory (Posterior 1/3 tongue (taste), Pharynx, Middle ear, Gag reflex)

Motor (Stylopharyneus)

Parasympathetic (Jugular foramen)

59
Q

CN-X is also called what?

A

Vagus

60
Q

Is CN-X sensory, motor, or both?

A

Both

61
Q

What is the function of CN-X?

A

Sensory - Larynx, External auditory meatus/canal, Heart, Great vessels, Carotid body, Sinus

Motor - Palate, Pharynx, Larynx

Parasympathetic - Viscera of thorax, Viscera of abdomen

62
Q

CN-X exits where?

A

Exits via jugular foramen

63
Q

CN-XI is also called what?

A

Spinal Accessory

64
Q

CN-XI enters and exits where?

A

Enters via foramen magnum

Exits via jugular foramen

65
Q

What is the function of CN-XI?

A

Motor to trapezium and sternocleidomastoid

66
Q

Is CN-XI sensory, motor, or both?

A

Motor

67
Q

What test(s) are used to assess CN-XI?

A

Shoulder shrug

Push head against resistance

68
Q

CN-XII is also called what?

A

Hypoglossal

69
Q

What is the function of CN-XII?

A

Motor to muscles of the tongue

70
Q

What test(s) are used to assess CN-XII?

A

Tongue movement

Observe for fasciculations

Test strength by having the patient press tongue against the buccal mucosa on each side while you press a finger against the patient’s cheek

71
Q

Is CN-XII sensory, motor, or both?

A

Motor

72
Q

CN-XII exits where?

A

Exits via hypoglossal canal

73
Q

What tests are used to assess the cerebellum?

A

Romberg test
Heel to shin test
Finger to nose
Heel and toe walking
Rapid alternating movements of UE and LE

74
Q

Test strength in upper and lower extremities proximally and distally using the motor Grading system - describe grades 0-5

A

5 – active motion against full resistance
4 – active motion against some resistance
3 – active motion against gravity
2 – active motion with gravity eliminated
1 – barely detectable motion
0 – no motion or muscular contraction detected

75
Q

Reflex testing of brachioradialis and biceps is testing what CNs?

A

C5-C6

76
Q

Reflex testing of triceps is testing what CNs?

A

C7-C8

77
Q

Reflex testing of quadriceps (knee) is testing what CNs?

A

L3-L5

78
Q

Reflex testing of ankle (achilles) is testing what CNs?

A

S1-S2

79
Q

Describe the levels of reflex testing grading system 0 to 4+

A

4+: hyperactive with clonus
3+: brisker than usual
2+: normal
1+: decreased or less than normal
0: absent

80
Q

Name the two pathologic reflexes

A

Babinski Sign

Hoffman sign

81
Q

Arterial circulation of the brain is separated by what?

A

separated by Circle of Willis

82
Q

What artery(s) make up the anterior circulation?

A

Carotid arteries

83
Q

What artery(s) make up the posterior circulation?

A

Vertebral arteries

Basilar arteries

84
Q

What artery(s) make up the middle circulation?

A

Middle cerebral artery

Neurology (15 decks)

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