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History - Civil rights (NA) > Overview > Flashcards

Overview Flashcards

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1
Q

original lifestyles of the NA

A

nomadic
had tribal laws and governments
languages
own cultures and ceremonies

lived off buffalo

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2
Q

gold rush

A

gold discovered in 1849 in california
increasing numbers of people moving west

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3
Q

westward expansion

A

the government adopted a policy of influencing white sttlers to inhabit the planes, slowly removing the NA from their lands

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4
Q

the plain wars

A

a series of clashes between na and the army throughout and after the civil war
the most notorious of these was teh sand creek massacre in 1864

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5
Q

homestead act

A
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6
Q

UPR

A

Union Pacific railroad
It’s construction accelerated westward expansion and further disrupted buffallo

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7
Q

reservation policy

A

the governemnt had dedicated land for na to live on

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8
Q

manifest destiny

A

belief by white amrericans that they had been chosen to inhabit the land

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9
Q

battle of little bighorn

A

1876
souix indians left their reservation
gebneral custer attempted to push them back in but they knew the land better than the army and outnumbered him
the army were scattered

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10
Q

the dawes act

A

1887
in the belief that land ownership would assimilate na, they were given allotments
160 acres fam land and 320 of grazing land
they paid taxes and therefore were no longer wards of teh state

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11
Q

wounded knee

A

1890
unarmed sioux indians left their reservation and werte gunned down

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12
Q

the curtis act

A

1898
removed the rights of na to be subject to their own tibal laws and government

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13
Q

meriam report

A

1928 report lead by social scientists
Denounced reservation policy and highlighted the poverty and distress of Native American

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14
Q

lone wolf v hitchcock

A

1903
allowed the us governemnt to revoke any treaty rights

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15
Q

cherokee nation v hitchcock

A

1902
denied them the right to livce by their own religion and culture

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16
Q

SAI

A

formed in 1911
50 educated na
teh first attempt to campaign for imporvment in healtythcare and better education
by the 1920s they hadnt achieved much due to lack of funds and support by na

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17
Q

WWI

A

10,000 fought and gained recognition for bravery
the governemnt also instigated urbanisation, as they pushed na to move to industrial areas

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18
Q

Indian citizenship act 1924

A

not that na wanted it, they were given the right to vote.
howerver 2/3 already had the right to vote due to the dawes act 1887
this did not always mean that theyw ere able to vote in state elections - discrimiantion

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19
Q

New deal

A

the new deal provided the foundation for refroms of the 1970s

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20
Q

Indian reocgnition act
(wheeler howard act)

A

john collier (1934)
* more influence over their reseravtions
* given the right to pratcise tehir culturestopped teh sale of NA land

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21
Q

WWII

A

25,000 served
75,000 in industry
those in reservations faced harship as funding was diverted
native veterans forced back after war
code breakers

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22
Q

NCAI

A

formed in 1944 as a result of teh wartime
realsied that to bring abotu real change the movement needed unity
worked through the court sto challengde unequal employment and ecuation aswell as breaking of treaties

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23
Q

ICC

A

formed in 1944
indian clamins commison set up by congress due to pressure from the ncai
* intended to allow them to regain land they had lost
* however they acted slowly and couldnt keep up with the number of claims
* also attempted to compensate them with money

24
Q

Harison v laveen

A

1948
despite getting the right to vote in 1924 due to the citizenship act - an example of the prevention of NA being able to vote

25
Q

termination policy

A

began in 1953
inended to accelrate termination policy
it intended to change their role as wards of teh government, subjecting them to the same laws as other citizens
essentially ended teh reconition of tribes and treaty rights

26
Q

indian vocational training

A

1956
provided them with training in vocational skills ect to make them employable
termination policy

27
Q

national indian youth council

A

1961
NIYC formed
pursuit of NA civil rights such as religious fredom
fish ins in washington
lawsuits and protests

28
Q

JFK

A

jfk made a pledge to NA that he would improve reservation conditions, but this had not been achieved by the time of his death

29
Q

Red power

A

a movement of young native americnas, inspired by their own injsutrice and black power
engaged in high profile activities such as the fish in in washington and the purusuit of native soveriegnty in the 1960s

30
Q

President johnson and the forgotten american

A

1968
johnson named the native american as the forgotten americans

31
Q

AIM

A

formed in 1968 during red power
militant organisation that took uop issues of discirmination.
patrolled the streets in red berays, reducing the number of arrests of young na

32
Q

Alcatraz occupation

A

1969-1971
lead by richard oaks
began with just 14 but 80 were soon there
recieved global media coverage
accelerated teh red power movement

33
Q

presdient nixons speech to congress

A

1970
he denounced the treatement of na in the past
highlighted their poverty and degridation
particulalry opposed termination plicy and the poverty it caused

34
Q

occupation of mount rushmore

A

1971 during red power
occupier mount rushmore as a sacred burial griounbd for the lakota souix indians
they were eventually removed

35
Q

AIM took over bureau of indian affairs

A

1972
during a protest to raise concerns over the position of NA in washington. violnce arrupted and soin the protetsors found themlsves without accomodation, taking over the BIA headquaters

36
Q

occupation of wounded knee

A

1973
occupation of wounded knee, the site of the 1890 massacre

37
Q

the indian self determination act

A

1975
passed by ford following nixons reformative administration
allowed tribes to take control of their own provisions such as healthcare and ecuation

38
Q

the indian education asistance act

A

1975
gave na parents more involvemtn in their childrens education

39
Q

oneida v oneida and maddison counties, new york

A

1974
opened the floodgates for future claims to land

40
Q

The american indian policy review

A

1975
set up to review the historiucal and legal relationship between the governemtn and na

41
Q

Fisher v montana

A

1976
allowed tribes rights over teh adoption of na children
this was the begining of a series of policies to ensure na family stability

42
Q

The indian child welfare act

A

1978
prevented mostly the removal of na chilkdren from their families due to culture

43
Q

united states v sioux nation

A

1980
ruled that the sioux nation were netitled to 17.5 million dollars compensation for their lost lands
the tribe rejected it because they wanted the land, not comopensation

44
Q

seminole tribe v butterworth

A

1982
allowed them to have gambling premises on their reservations even though its illegal under federal law

45
Q

charrier v bell

A

1986
allowed them the righst to remains buried in lousiana

46
Q

native american graves pro-tection and repatriation act

A

due to the work of NARF

47
Q

columbus day

A

1992
NA protests over the celebration of Columbus day

48
Q

impact of reservation policy

A

intended on assimilating NA
* prohibited their nomadic lifestyle
* crushed tribalism
* converting them to crhistianity
* re-educating na children

49
Q

meriam report

A

1928
social scientists =, condeming allotment policy and desribed teh dreadful position of NA in society

50
Q

result of the meriam report

A

hoover appointed charles roades to follow what was suggested in the report
* closure of off-reservation shcools
* funding to improve healthcare
* however nothing was done to stop allotment policy

51
Q

other work of john collier

A

as commisioner of indian affairs
* na became more involved in the BIA
* stimulated an interest in NA culture
* used new deal funding to imporve reservations

52
Q

position of na in the 1960s

A
  • had begun to urbanise, 60,000 left reservations
  • 25% were cklassified as poor
  • life expectancy 20 yrs below white people
    *
53
Q

reforms of Nixon

A
  • appointed mohawk sioux as commisioner of indian affairs
  • 1970 pledge to retrubn lands
  • emphasis on refroms of na education, indian edcuation act
  • prefernce of na in the bia
54
Q

native american relgiious freedom act

A

1978
allowed them rights to their sacred objects and those remains in museums and burial grounds

55
Q

NARF

A

formed in 1970 to protect the rights of NA and their tribal culture
its biggest campaign was for the return of lands and nativer soveriegnty
was also vital in supreme court cases

History - Civil rights (NA) (14 decks)

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