Overview

Question 1

Target characteristics are evaluated as part of:

Answer 1

both likelihood and consequences assessments

Question 2

Four categories of failure

Answer 2

severe, significant, minor, negligible

Question 3

With the exception of sudden branch drop, tree failures in the absence of wind, ice, or snow are:

Answer 3

Usually associated with significant defects

Question 4

In a basic assessment, steps include: recording observations of site condition, defects, outward signs of possible internal defects, and response growth, then

Answer 4

Analyze data to determine the likelihood and consequences of failure to evaluate the degree of risk

Question 5

Cankers are more likely to affect tree stability when

Answer 5

more than one-third of the tree or branch circumference is affected

Question 6

Risk is evaluated by categorizing or quantifying the risk and then:

Answer 6

comparing it to the client’s acceptable risk threshold to determine the significance

Question 7

Another name of “advanced” assessment:

Answer 7

Level 3

Question 8

General term for various types of new wood produced in response to damage or loads in order to compensate for higher strain (deformation) in the cambium and outer wood cells

Answer 8

Response growth

Question 9

Recently exposed forest-edge trees may be more susceptible to failure due to:

Answer 9

increased wind exposure and minimal taper

Question 10

Compression or extension of new wood cells under bending loads is greater than the deformation experienced by inner wood cells because:

Answer 10

outer cells experience the greatest torsional, compressive, and tension stress

Question 11

Tree risk assessors should inform clients that:

Answer 11

tree risk assessments represent the condition of the tree at the time of inspection

Question 12

Stratifying and prioritizing targets is used for:

Answer 12

classifying targets according to value

Question 13

Is using a probe to investigate cavities an advanced assessment technique?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

The magnitude of a bending moment depends on the:

Answer 14

amount of force and length of the lever arm

Question 15

seams

Answer 15

lines formed where two edges of bark at a crack or wound meet

Question 16

Risk assessment should include residual risk after mitigation to:

Answer 16

help the risk manager in decision-making to achieve acceptable risk levels

Question 17

The two natural forces that exert loads on trees

Answer 17

gravity & wind

Question 18

Why do dead branches not necessarily represent an imminent failure?

Answer 18

Because some tree species retain dead branches for many years

Question 19

What are longitudinal bulges of response growth a possible indication of?

Answer 19

an internal crack

Question 20

risk (define)

Answer 20

the combination of the likelihood of an event and the severity of the potential consequences