Overview

Question 1

6 Functions of the Muscular System

Answer 1

Shape

Posture

Movement and strength

Function of vital organs (heart, respiration, digestion, etc.)

Support and protect organs

Maintenance of body temperature

Question 2

What is muscle tissue

Answer 2

collection of cells that shorten during contraction resulting in movement.

Question 3

Types of muscle tissue

Answer 3

Skeletal Muscle, Smooth muscle, Cardiac Muscle

Question 4

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 4

Muscle tissue:
- Makes up ~ 30 – 40% of Body Mass (most prevalent muscle type)
- Pull on bones for movement
- Produce heat
- Striated (light and dark stripes)
VOLUNTARY CONTROL: Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Question 5

Smooth Muscle

Answer 5

Muscle tissue:
- Does not have striations
- Walls of hollow organs and tubes such as the stomach, intestines and blood vessels
INVOLUNTARY CONTROL; Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Question 6

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 6

Muscle Tissue:
- Forms the walls of the heart
- Striated like skeletal muscle
- Specialized because it allows for synchronous contractions
INVOLUNTARY like smooth muscle

Question 7

Properties of Muscle Fibre (5)

Answer 7

• Irritability - ability of a muscle to respond to a stimuli
• Contractibility - muscle’s ability to shorten in length
• Elasticity - muscle’s ability to stretch and return to its normal position
• Extensibility - muscle’s ability to extend in length
• Conductivity - muscle’s ability to transmit nerve impulses

Question 8

3 Types of Muscle Contraction

Answer 8

Isometric Contraction, Concentric Contraction, Eccentric Contractions

Question 9

Static Contractions

Answer 9

No visible movement occurs
Muscle force is equal to load (plank)
The need for maximal static contraction is rare in active sport
E.g. Wrestling, Judo, Gymnastics

Question 10

Dynamic Contractions

Answer 10

Visible movement of the load
Muscle force changes while the load is moved

Question 11

Isometric Contraction

Answer 11

Muscle Contraction:
- No visible movement at joint (static)
- No change in muscle length

Question 12

Concentric Contraction

Answer 12

Muscle Contraction:
- Shortening of muscle fibres
- Visible movement at joint (dynamic)

Question 13

Eccentric Contractions

Answer 13

Muscle Contraction:
- Lengthening of muscle fibres
- Visible movement at a joint (dynamic)

Question 14

Major Muscle Groups Anterior

Answer 14

The quadriceps group (anterior side of femur)
The rotator cuff group (shoulder)
The abdominals (abs)
The pectoral muscles (ur pecks)

Question 15

Major Muscle Groups Posterior

Answer 15

The erector spinae group (whole spine)
The rhomboids (back of upper back)
The gluteals (booty)
The hamstring group (back of thigh)
The calf muscles (back of shin kinda)

Question 16

Muscle pairs labelling names

Answer 16

Agonist (prime mover):
- muscle primarily responsible for movement of body part

Antagonist:
lengthens when the agonist muscle contracts

Question 17

Types of Muscle Attachment

Answer 17

Indirect & Direct

Question 18

Indirect Muscle Attachment

Answer 18

epimysium extends past the muscle to the tendon which adheres to the periosteum of the bone

Question 19

Muscle origin

Answer 19

the point where the muscle attaches to the more stationary of the bones of the axial skeleton
E.g. Biceps brachii ~ coracoid process

Question 20

Muscle insertion

Answer 20

the point where the muscle attaches to the bones that is moved most
E.g. Biceps brachii ~ radial tuberosity

Question 21

Basic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle (5)

Answer 21

• Tendons: Anchor and attach muscle to bone
• Blood vessels Nourish and remove waste from muscle
• Nerve cells: Communicate between the brain and the muscle
• Muscle fibres: where contraction occurs
• Muscle belly: widest part of the muscle

Question 22

Three Layers of Connective Muscle Tissue

Answer 22

Epimysium (outermost layer)
Perimysium (central layer)
Endomysium (inner layer)

Question 23

Connective Muscle Tissue: Epimysium

Answer 23

(outermost layer)
- Surrounds the entire muscle and separates it from other tissues
- Becomes one with the tendon at either end of the muscle

Question 24

Connective Muscle Tissue: Perimysium

Answer 24

(central layer)
- Groups muscle fibres into a Fascicle (bundle)
- Contains numerous blood vessels and nerves that supply each fascicle

Question 25

Connective Muscle Tissue: Endomysium

Answer 25

(innermost layer)
- Surrounds each muscle fibre
- Binds each muscle fibre with its neighbour

Question 26

Organization within a Muscle Fibre (6)

Answer 26

Sarcolemma
Myofibril
Myofilaments (proteins): Actin & Myosin
The Sarcomere