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Daance > Overview 1 > Flashcards

Overview 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the subdivisions of the nervous system?

A

Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System

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2
Q

Cells of the nervous system, that conduct nerve impulses…

A

Neurons

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3
Q

The nerve’s threshold of stimulus…

A

Action potential

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4
Q

A junction between two neurons…

A

Synapse

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5
Q

A reversal of charge across the neuronal membrane caused by the movement of positively and negatively charged ions through ion channels… (a reversal of the state of electrical charge of conducting fiber)

A

Depolarization

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6
Q

Reestablishment of the normal distribution of charge across the neuronal membrane… (a return of the initial state of the electrical charge)

A

Repolarization

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7
Q

A chemical substance that crosses the synaptic cleft and activates opening of ion channels in the postsynaptic nerve, and thereby enables the nerve impulse to pass from one nerve to the next…

A

Neurotransmitter

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8
Q

Specialized sites on ion channels to which natural neurotransmitter substances or drugs attach…

A

Receptor sites

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9
Q

The Central Nervous System consists of…

A

Cerebral cortex, Core of Brain, Cerebellum, Brainstem

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10
Q

Peripheral Nervous System consists of…

A

Nerves that carry impulses away from the CNS

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11
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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12
Q

Which nerve allows one to see?

A

Optic nerve

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13
Q

Which nerve allows one to smell?

A

Olfactory nerve

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14
Q

Which nerve allows one to hear?

A

Auditory nerve

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15
Q

What nerve supplies sensation to the teeth and jaws?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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16
Q

What are the muscles responsible for jaw movement during chewing?

A

Muscles of mastication

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17
Q

Which nerve allows one to smile, frown, wink, etc?

A

Facial nerve

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18
Q

What are the components of the Autonomic Nervous System?

A

Sympathetic, Parasympathetic

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19
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system exert?

A

Norepinephrine

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20
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system exert?

A

Acetylcholine

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21
Q

The actions of the parasympathetic nervous system are…

A

Cholinergic

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22
Q

The receptors that play an essential role in regulation of blood pressure with positional changes…

A

Baroreceptors

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23
Q

When atropine is administered it blocks…

A

Acetylcholine

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24
Q

Organ made up of a specialized type of muscle, that contracts on its own…

A

Myocardium

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25
Q

2 upper chambers of the heart…

A

Atria

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26
Q

2 lower chambers of the heart….

A

Ventricles

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27
Q

All vessels leading away from the heart are called…

A

Arteries

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28
Q

All vessels leading to the heart are called…

A

Veins

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29
Q

The only artery that carries oxygen-depleted blood…

A

Pulmonary artery

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30
Q

The right side of the heart is filled with…

A

Deoxygenated blood

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31
Q

The left side of the heart is filled with…

A

Oxygenated blood

32
Q

The definitive test for valve function is…

A

Echocardiogram

33
Q

Death of cells is called…

A

Ischemia

34
Q

What decreases blood flow, constricting arterioles?

A

Vasoconstriction

35
Q

What increases blood flow, dilation of a vessel?

A

Vasodilation

36
Q

The phase when the heart’s pumping action forces blood into ventricles, causing the the ventricle to expand…

A

Diastolic phase

37
Q

The phase of the heart’s pumping action when the ventricles contract, forcing blood to lungs or peripheral circulation…

A

Systolic phase

38
Q

Normal blood pressure for teens/adults…

A

< 120/80

39
Q

The amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in each beat is called…

A

Stroke volume

40
Q

What is determined by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate?

A

Cardiac output

41
Q

The number of cardiac cycles or heart is…

A

60-100 beats per minute

42
Q

Any heart rate below 60 beats per minute…

A

Bradycardia

43
Q

Any heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute…

A

Tachycardia

44
Q

The hearts rate and rhythm are controlled by…

A

Cardiac conduction system

45
Q

The hearts rate and rhythm are controlled by…

A

Cardiac conduction system

46
Q

A microscopic collection of heart muscle fibers where cardiac rhythm originates…

A

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

47
Q

The sinoatrial (SA) node is also called…

A

The pacemaker of the heart

48
Q

A heart experiencing a lack of oxygen is called…

A

Hypoxia

49
Q

What is a reflection of depolarization, which produces the muscular contraction of the atria?

A

P wave

50
Q

What is a reflection of the activity producing ventricular contraction?

A

QRS complex

51
Q

What is a reflection of the electrical activity producing ventricular repolarization?

A

T wave

52
Q

What is clotted or partially clotted blood outside the blood vessel?

A

Hematoma

53
Q

What is the anterior surface of the elbow between the arm and forearm?

A

Antecubital fossa

54
Q

What is an inflammation of the vein and can be quite painful?

A

Phlebitis

55
Q

What is the space between the nasal cavity and the trachea?

A

Pharynx (throat)

56
Q

What is the portion above the back of the soft palate?

A

Nasopharynx

57
Q

What lies between the soft palate and epiglottis?

A

Oropharynx

58
Q

What allows air in and out of the lungs, while preventing food or liquid into the lungs?

A

Epiglottis

59
Q

What is located directly behind voicebox?

A

Laryngopharynx

60
Q

What procedure involves the passage of a large needle into the trachea

A

Cricothyrotomy

61
Q

What are the air sacs that look like small bunches of grapes?

A

Alveoli

62
Q

What is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity?

A

Diaphragm

63
Q

What percent of blood is made up of red blood cells?

A

40%

64
Q

What are normal levels of RBC’s?

A

Females (35-45%) Males (42-52%)

65
Q

What is a reduction in the number of RBC in the blood stream?

A

Anemia

66
Q

What is the percentage of actual oxygen carries compared with the oxygen capacity?

A

Oxygen saturation

67
Q

What is the area where gases are not exchanged?

A

Dead space

68
Q

The amount of gas that is inspired or expired during one respiratory cycle…

A

Tidal volume

69
Q

Where is the rhythm of inspiration and expiration established?

A

Respiratory center

70
Q

Slower-acting endocrine system relies on chemical messengers…

A

Hormones

71
Q

Where are the Islets of Langerhans located?

A

Pancreas

72
Q

Low blood sugar…

A

Hypoglycemic

73
Q

What are the small glands that sit atop the kidneys bilaterally?

A

Adrenal glands

74
Q

What is a life-threatening allergic reaction?

A

Anaphylaxis

75
Q

What is the antibody most frequently associated with allergic reactions?

A

IgE

76
Q

What is an involuntary spasm of the vocal cords?

A

Daance (9 decks)

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