Overtraining Flashcards
What is overreaching
Short term decrements
Last days to several weeks
What is in the overtraining continuum
Recovered Functional overreaching Non functional OR overtraining Burnout
What is overtraining
Long term effect on performance
Lasts several weeks to months
How long does functional over reaching last
Days to weeks
How long does non functional over reacting last
Weeks to months
What is burnout
A negative motivational emotional state
What is unexplained underperformance syndrome
Persistent unexplained performance deflect despite two weeks of relative rest
How long should rule out simple overreaching in terms of UPS
2 weeks of rest
Incidence rates in adults
20-30%
Problems with measuring overtraining
Variations in definitions
Different time scales
Higher rates with longer time scale
How many signs are there
Over 90
Some examples of signs of overtraining
Underperformance Increased perceived effort Frequent URTI muscle soreness Sleep disturbances Loss of appitite Mood disturbances Apathy Increased conflict Poor concentration
Over training symptoms in endurance athletes
Persistent fatigue
Underperformance
Mood changes
Overtraining symptoms in power athletes
Mood changes
Underperformance
What is a possible pyshiological cause
Cortisol
During NFOR what happens in relation to cortisol
Concentrations enhanced
Decreased T:C ration
Chronic elevation desentisises hypothalamus to cortisol which increases production
What happens to cortisol during overtrained
Signs of HPA axis dysfunction due to over load
Cortisol reduced
What are issues with measuring cortisol as a measure of overtraining
Seasonal - winter higher levels
Diurnal rythm
What shaped curve is produced with training volume and risk of infection
J shaped
What do overtrained athletes report having more of
Upper respiratory tract infections
When can increased infections occur
1-2 weeks after intense training
What is the open window hypothesis
Increased airflow during exercise Increased exposure Increased lymphocyte apoptosis Increased cortisol Decreased natural killer cell activity
Is igA increased or reduced in overtrained
Reduced
In terms of the PNS SNS balance what happens at rest
Slightly high PNS. To control heart rate
In terms of the PNS SNS balance what happens after training
SNS remains the same
PNS increases
In terms of the PNS SNS balance what happens in early over training
Sympathetic type
Big rise in SNS
In terms of the PNS SNS balance what happens in late overtraining
Parasympathetic type
Same PNS levels
Decrease in SNS
What are other physiological markers
Decreased :
Peak vo2 RER peak lactate Testosterone Anaerobic power MSFT performance Hb and hct Serum electrolyte Serum glucose and FFA gh White cell count
Increased SNS activity
What are some psychological questionnaires
POMS/TDS
DALDA
ABQ
In the profile of mood state questionaire what do overtrained and healthy athletes do
Healthy athletes
Depression barley changes
Vigour declines
OTS
more pronounced changes in all categories
Depression increases
What is and when is the TDS used
Training distress scale and shortened version of POMS
Best used monthly and looks at the past week
Components of the ABQ
Physical emotional exhaustion
Reduced sense of accomplishment
Sport devaluation
In the ABQ what score is better
Lower
Issues surrounding questionnaires
Social desirability bias
Day to day variation
What is a high or low score
What are causes of overtraining
Excessive exercise Insufficient recovery Monotony High intensity to early Frequent important competitions Poor diet chronic energy balance Environmental stress Psychological stress
What does the single identity theory suggest
Little spare time less than 5hrs a week
Identity based sport
Self esteem and self worth based on success
Friends through the sport
What does entrapment suggest
Despite low motivation to continue an athlete feels unable to stop due to: Active burnout Single identity Conditional love Guilt
How many factors do depression and overtraining share
7
What factors do overtraining and depression share
Numerous factors initiate the disorder
Dose response
Mental and physical performance impaired
Mood changes
Resolution requires weeks or months if rest
Clinical features vary between individuals
Symptoms are non specific and numerous
What should screening be and include
Holistic
Performance tests
Physiological markers
Psychological
Sociological
Prevention techniques
Periodisation Psychological Training diary Nutritional Infections Social support
