overgrazing

Question 1

what is overgrazing

Answer 1

Overgrazing is when livestock eat too much plant cover on rangelands, impeding plant regrowth (concept).

Question 2

how does overgrazing occur

Answer 2

It happens when grazing too many livestock for a long period on land unable to recover its vegetation.

Question 3

name 5 effects of overgrazing

Answer 3

1. Loss of palatable species of herbs and grasses.
2. Compacting soil - preventing seeds from germinating and water from seeping into soil.
3. Increased soil erosion occurs when the grass is removed and the soil becomes loose and openly exposed to wind and water
4. Organic recycling will decline in the ecosystem due to not enough detritus or litter remains on the soil to be decomposed
5. The humus content of the soil decreases which leads to organically poor, dry, compacted soil
6. Due trampling by cattle the soil loses its infiltration capacity, which reduces absorption of water into the soil, resulting increased loss of water
7. Overgrazing removes the vegetal cover over the soil and the exposed soil gets compacted causing the roots to not go deep into the soil and loss of soil moisture.

Question 4

list some sustainable ways of land use for grazing (7)

Answer 4

1. Controlled breeding and early weaving
2. Feeding livestock on a crop residue or the residue can be collected and fed to the livestock
3. Public awareness on pasturelands
4. Protecting certain areas from grazing
5. Use No-till When Renovating Pasture
6. Shortening the time period that plants are exposed to grazing
7. Controlling numbers by figuring out carrying capacity

Question 5

what is overfishing

Answer 5

Overfishing: is the removal of organisms from the marine environment by humans at a rate which cannot be sustained by the local ecosystem and therefore significantly alters natural ecosystem.

Question 6

what are the effects of overfishing 5

Answer 6

1. species, and ecosystems are being lost.
2. Loss of habitat which is a threat to marine biodiversity
3. Loss of a valuable food source that many depend upon for social, economical or dietary reasons.
4. Overcapacity: oversized fishing fleet takes more than our oceans can sustainable support.
5. Unselective fishing practices cause destruction on non target species.

Question 7

List some ways for sustainable fishing

Answer 7

Reduce the use of fishmeal as a feed to reduce depletion of other fish

Introduce the quota policy & make users adhere to the criteria, such as; regulated mesh size of nets, the regulated size of fleets, boats and number of days at sea.

Through regulation and laws control the total allowable to catch

Protecting the ocean by establishing Marine protected areas where fishing is prohibited,

Improve fisheries (capture/raising fish through fish farm or aquaculture ), because young fish will disperse into surrounding areas