OVERALL UNIT Flashcards
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Two ways the arrival of Europeans affected the first nations peoples
- foreign disease killed about 90% of indigenous population
- foreign animals and farming systems disrupted ecosystems which were vital to the first nation’s food sources and way of life
How did first nations peoples respond to early european settlement?
- at first were friendly
- danced and socialised
- the Europeans slowly began to disrupt the environment and ecosystems
- mistreated sacred sites
- Aboriginals recognised the Europeans as a threat
- became defensive and aggressive
- many died from gunshots
Why were convicts sent to Australia?
- Industrial revolution
- factories and job opportunities
- rural to city centres
- overpopulation
- inadequate jobs
- poverty
- petty theft
- crime rates grew
- bloody code
- overcrowded prison
- convicts punished with transportation to Australia
- strategic location (AU far away - no way of escaping as a convict)
What were two reasons people migrated to Australia during the Gold Rush?
- Advertised globally in (America, Britain, Europe, China)
- Land of opportunity
- Chance to find wealth
- Expand wealth
- A fresh start/ escape from hardship
How did the Gold Rush change Australia’s colony?
- money received from gold
- boosted Australia’s economy
- mining required new equipment
- new businesses
- banks held more gold than money
- Australia transformed from former penal colony to a thriving multi-cultural economy
What was the goal of the Australia White Policy?
- cultural unity
- maintaining British based society
- Homogenous society
- White/European superiority
- Minimise other cultures
- Indigenous treated as Flora and Fauna
How did Australia’s immigration policies change after the White Australia Policy was abolished?
- abolished in 1973
- shifted to more merit-based system
- prioritised skills and suitability rather than race and nationality
- led to more multicultural and diverse country
What was part of the White Australia Policy’s test?
- discriminatory test
- write down 50 words in any European language
- dictated by immigration officer
How might a First Nations person and a European settler have viewed land ownership differently?
- Europeans saw the land as a resource to be exploited and privately owned
- First Nations viewed land as sacred and interconnected
- living in harmony with nature rather than buying, owning and selling the land
Why is it important to consider multiple perspectives when studying history?
- crucial for more complete and nuanced view of the past
- biases
- information hidden
- new information revealed
- written or created in favour of one perspective than the other
How has one significant event in Australian history shaped modern Australia?
The Gold Rush:
- attracted many from America, Britain, Europe and China
- gold = money
- economic boost
- new businesses
- new industries
- banks
- economic growth
- new infrastructure
- Gold license
- Eureka Stockade (1854)
- first enactment of democracy in Australia
- changed to Miner’s right
- shaped modern Australia’s democratic system
What was the impact of the White Australia Policy?
- Australia became mostly British and European country
- migration from elsewhere restricted
- global isolation
- Australia promoted/advertised as White country
- Indigenous treated as fauna
- policy limited Australia’s workforce
- broke global trading ties
- Strengthened Australia’s to Britain
- Tension with non-European countries
- policy gradually dismantled after WW 2
What are the different perspectives on the White Australia Policy?
Supporter:
- job protection
- social harmony
Opponent:
- hindering economic growth (Australia’s workforce stifled)
- damaging international reputation
Why was the W.A.P abolished over time?
- 1900s, supported by government and most of the population
- After WW II, Growing opposition, Australia sought better relations with Asian Countries
- 1960s-1970s, policy seen as outdated and racist and was abolished by Whitlam government
challenges faced by captains and officials when arriving to Australia
- maintaining law and order
- relations with First Nations Peoples
- Struggle in establishing an economy
Challenges faced by convicts upon first arrival to Australia
- Harsh living conditions
- Harsh punishments
- forced labour
- unfamiliar climate and landscape
- isolation and mental health
