Overall Revision Flashcards
Revise the holistic understanding of important concepts in first aid
What does the acronym SAMPLE stand for in fist aid and why is it used?
It’s used for the assessment of the casualties.
It stands for: Signs and symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past medical history
Last meal
Events (leading up to injury)
Is follicular a system of the body?
👎NO
An increase in respiratory difficulty and weak ineffective cough, wheezing, high-piched crowing noise and cyanosis are signs of?
Severe airway obstruction
What is cyanosis?
A change to Grey or bluish skin due to insufficient oxygen in the blood
What does COPD Stand for?
Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease
What is the most important step in managing shock?
Providing first aid for the illness or injury
A small percentage of COPD casualties have hypoxic curve. They breath because of?
A low oxygen level.
The first aider is one of the?
Emergency Medical services (EMS)
The acronym used for assessing responsiveness is?
AVPU. It is simply a simplification of the Glasgow coma scale (also a method to estimate casualties level of consciousness). It stands for Alert Verbal Pain Unresponsive.
When direct pressure fails to control bleeding what do you do?
You apply pressure to the correct arterial point to control bleeding, which is the Brachial.
Applying pressure on a finger-bed to observe the return of normal colour is for observing?
The normal blood circulation to that part
Your primary survey in a collision shows knly confusion. The pulse rate is at 140 and weak with cold and clammy skin irregular breathing and gasping. These indicate?
Internal bleeding
Does Hepatitis B have a vaccine that prevents infection?
YES!!!
When the dressing is full of blood what is your next step?
Place a clean dressing on top and apply more pressure
Type of shock due to infections?
Septic shock
What are the other types of shock and their causes?
- Cardiogenic - due to heart problems
- Neurogenic- due to damage to nervous system
- Anaphylactic- caused by allergic reaction
4 Hypovolemic- due to too little blood volume
Before seizure the casualty experience unpleasant odor. This is known as?
Aura
The first aider should assume a head/neck injury when?
When the casualty is unresponsive
What does the secondary assessment consist of?
It consists of the head-to-toe examination and the check of the vital signs
A radial pulse when taking blood pressure by palpitations indicate a blood pressure of about?
80mmHg
When called to an asthma attack what is the treatment?
Everything except nitroglycerin (drug used to ease workload of heart, carried by angina casualties). Can include metered dose inhaler, bronchodilators and inhaled steroids.
What condition may mimic the sign of acute alcohol intoxication?
Hypoglycemia (too low blood sugar levels). Signs: sweaty,pale,cold skin. Headache, trembling. Confusion, irritable, aggressive.
Breathing disease included in COPD?
Emphysema (chronic Lung disease by overstretched alveolar walls)
What is a tension Pneumothorax?
When air build up in pleural space, collapses lung and puts pressure on heart.
When do you recommend oxygen humidification?
When administering oxygen for longe than 30min.
Bronchitis signs?
Difficulty breathing, cyanotic, red blotches on chest and swelling neck
What to do when giving mouth-to-nose AR?
Hold casualty’s mouth closed
Ratio of compressions to ventilations on adult for CPR is?
30:2
What is a guideline for normal systolic blood pressure in an adult male?
100 plus the man’s age up to 150mmHg
A rapid body survey should take no longer than?
30 seconds
To correctly size an oropharyngeal airway. You place the flange at the corner of the mouth with the tip reaching?
The casualty’s earlobe.
What is ASA
Acetylsalicylic Acid. Medication without prescription for pain relief, reduce swelling and fever…etc.
ASA should be offered to someone with chest pain who is taking nitroglycerin (drug for aiding ease workload on heart, usually for people with angina pill or spray), but when?
After the 1st dose of nitroglycerin
First aider should? When suctioning a non-breathing adult
Suction for no more than 15 seconds.
What device provides the highest oxygen delivery?
Non-rebreathing mask
You suspect pain as die to myocardial infarction (death of part of heart muscle; heart attack)than angina because?
The pain is not relieved by rest or medication
A flail chest result when?
Several ribs are broken in more than 1 place.
Status epilepticus refers to:
A continuous seizure activity
OPQRST is used to assess?
Pain!! Stands for: Onset, Provication/palliative, Quality, Region/Radiation, Severity and Time.
What is the recommended oxygen flow rate for nasal cannulae (nasal prongs)?
1-6 litres/min.
When aligning the head in the eyes-front neutral position, you watch out for:
Crepitus, pain, resistance
When can the manual support of the head and neck of casualty with suspected spinal injury be released?
When the casualty is fully immobilized to a backboard.
How do you prepare transportation of a totally amputated part of casualty to hospital?
You wrap it in clean, moist dressings and keep it cool.
Cause for hypovolemic shock?
A decreased volume of the blood
When a conscious patient who has suffered stroke becomes unconscious, to keep his airway open and help him breath what do you do?
Turn him into recovery position with his unaffected side down.
After someone has fallen off a ladder what do you do first?
Take charge and perform a scene survey
To determine whether a c-spine injury has occurred, you think about the mechanism of injury. How can you describe this?
The force that causes the injury and the way it acts on the body.
What is the correct ratio of compressions to ventilation for 2 rescuer CPR on a child?
15:2
Shock is best defined as?
Inadequate circulation to the body’s tissues.
