Overall physics Flashcards
What is Newton’s first law?
An object will remain at a constant velocity unless a resultant force acts upon it.
What is Newton’s second law?
When the forces are balanced, an object’s motion would remain at a constant velocity. The object’s motion would change speed or direction if the forces are unbalanced.
F = ma
What is Newton’s third law?
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Where is chemical energy stored?
Stored in food, fuel and battery
Where is thermal energy stored?
Stored in a hot object.
Where is kinetic energy stored?
Stored in moving objects
Where is elastic potential energy stored?
Stored in stretched, squashed objects.
Where is nuclear energy stored?
Stored inside atoms
When is mechanical work transferred?
Transferred when force is applied over a distance.
Where is GPE stored?
Stored in objects above the ground
Where is heat energy transferred?
Transferred between objects at different temperatures
How is light energy transferred?
Transfers energy via waves even in a vacuum
Where is sound energy transferred?
Transfers energy via waves in a solid, liquid or gas.
Where is electrical energy stored?
Stored in charged particles within electrical fields
What does an energy transfer diagram show?
Shows that the energy is transferred to different types of stores and the energy is not created or destroyed
What is efficiency?
Efficiency tells us the percentage of useful energy transferred in a device or process
What is constant velocity?
A motion of an object with no resultant force acting upon it.
What is power?
Power is a measurement of the rate at which work is done.
What is temperature?
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles within an object.
What is mass?
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object. It is a scalar and is independent of an object’s location.
What is meant by the conservation of energy?
Energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
What are vector quantities?
Vector quantities are quantities that both have size (magnitude) and direction.
Examples include:
. Force
. Weight
. Displacement
. Velocity
. Acceleration
. Momentum
What are scalar quantities?
Scalar quantities are quantities that do not have direction. They only have a size (magnitude).
Examples include:
. Temperature
. Mass
. Energy.
. Distance
. Speed
. Density
What is a moment?
A turning effect of a force is called a moment.
What is a transverse wave?
Oscillations that are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer.
Examples include:
. electromagnetic waves - e.g. light waves, microwaves, radio waves
. seismic S-waves
What is a longitudinal wave?
Oscillations that are parallel to the direction of energy transfer.
Examples include:
. sound waves
. ultrasound waves
. seismic P-waves
What is the resultant force?
The total or overall force acting upon an object.
What is velocity?
Velocity is the speed in a given direction.
Velocity changes if direction changes.
What is centripetal force?
The circular motion requires a resultant force acting towards the centre of rotation. This force acting towards the centre of the object is called the centripetal force (centre sinking).
What is Hooke’s law?
The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied.
What is upthrust?
Upthrust is the weight of the fluid displaced.
What is floating?
If the object’s weight is equal to the upthrust, then the forces balance and the object will float in the liquid.
What is sinking?
If the object’s weight is greater than the upthrust, then the object will sink.
What is reflection?
Light bounces back.
The law of reflection states that:
angle of incidence = angle of reflection
What is refraction?
Process by which a wave changes speed and sometimes direction upon entering a denser or less dense medium.
What is transmission?
Process in which a wave is passed across or through a material (medium)
What is absorption?
Process in which energy is ‘taken-in’ by the material and the internal energy of the material will increase
Infrasound is sound….
….less than 20 Hz
Ultrasound is sound…
…greater than 20,000 Hz
What is the range of human hearing in Hz?
20Hz to 20,000 Hz
Give me the types of electromagnetic radiation from shortest to longest wavelength:
Gamma Rays –> X-Rays –> UV –> Visible light –> IR –> Microwaves–>Radio Waves
