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Child health > Overall child health > Flashcards

Overall child health Flashcards

1
Q

limit age

A

point at which a skill should be achieved

-2SD away from mean

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2
Q

cephalocaudal development

A

head to toe development

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3
Q

4 areas of development

A

gross development
fine motor development
social and play
language and hearing

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4
Q

primitive reflexes

A 
sucking and rooting reflex 
palmar and plantar grasp 
ATNR 
Moro 
stepping and placing
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5
Q

sucking and rooting reflex

A

turning head towards stimulus

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6
Q

palmar and plantar grasp

A

grasping with hadn’t and toes

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7
Q

ATNR reflex

A

atonic neck reflex

-stretches arms to slide of head turn

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8
Q

Moro reflex

A

extension and then flexion of limbs with head drop

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9
Q

at what age should primitive reflexes be lost

A

3-4 month

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10
Q

average age for walking

A 
12 months 
(limit = 18 months)
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11
Q

developmental delay

A

not reaching milestones for chronological age

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12
Q

global delay

A

2 or more areas delayed

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13
Q

specific delay

A

only 1 area delayed

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14
Q

deviation from the expected progression of development

A

autism

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15
Q

regression of a skill which had been acquired in development

A

retts

genetic syndrome that affects girls

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16
Q

red flags for development

8

A

asymmetry of movement
not reaching for object in front of them by 6 months
not sitting unsupported by 12 months
not walking or talking by 18 months
concerns about vision or hearing at any age
regression

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17
Q

if not walking by 18 months then what should be done ?

A

check CK for muscular dystrophy

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18
Q

what is signified by Gowers

A

muscular dystrophy

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19
Q

what are 4 different sensory deficits and assoc delays?

A

oculocutaneous albinism
teacher-collins
flu ear
rubella

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20
Q

at what age does the NS start to develop

A

3 weeks

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21
Q

what time span is the embryonic development

A

conception –> week 9

embyogenesis

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22
Q

what time period is the foetal period

A

week 9 –> term

folding starts

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23
Q

what happens to the NS in the post natal period

A

neuronal migration, proliferation and myelination occurs

24
Q

what is active immunity

A

create your own immunity

25
Q

what is passive immunity

A

passed from mother to baby or artificial antibody

26
Q

what are the 2 types of vaccine

A

live attenuated

inactivated

27
Q

what is a live attenuated vaccine

A

usually a virus to allow host to build up defences

28
Q

what is an inactivated vaccine

A

suspensions of killed organisms

29
Q

what is a conjugate vaccine

A

polysaccharide attached to immunogenic proteins

30
Q

what are contraindications to vaccine

A 
anaphylaxis to vaccines 
live vaccines in:
- immunosuppression 
- pregnancy 
egg allergy 
severe latex allergy 
acute or evolving illness
31
Q

herd immunity

A

immunise a set number of people to protect those who are unimmunised

32
Q

how is herd immunity calculated

A

based on adaptability and virulence

33
Q

how many diseases are immunised against in the UK

A

15

34
Q

which vaccine is only given to adults

A

varicella

35
Q

which vaccine must be given at a specific age so cannot be caught up?

A

rotavirus

36
Q

what is child mortality

A

dying before age 5

37
Q

what is infant mortality

A

dying before 1

38
Q

what is neonatal mortality

A

dying before 1 month

39
Q

what are the top 5 causes of child death in the world

A 
preterm brith complications 
pneumonia 
intrapartum-related complications 
diarrhoea
neonatal sepsis
40
Q

what are the stop 5 causes of childhood death in Africa

A 
diarrhoea 
pneumonia 
malaria 
preterm birth complications 
intrapartum-related complications
41
Q

what is kangaroo care?

A

baby is wrapped close to mum

- help baby to breath, temp and heart rate

42
Q

how to prevent childhood death

A

immediate and exclusive breast feeding
skilled attendants for antenatal, brith and postnatal care
access to nutrition and micronutrients
family knowledge of danger signs in a Childs health
water, sanitation and hygiene
immunisations

43
Q

how long should at risk children be tested

A

until they are no longer breast fed

44
Q

signs of HIV in children

A 
recurrent childhood illness 
recurrent oral candidiasis s
recurrent severe bacterial infections 
failure to thrive or growth failure 
generalised lymphadenopathy 
persistent fever 
encephalopathy 
chronic parotitis
45
Q

at under 18 months of age how do you test for HIV

A

PCR

46
Q

at over 18months of age how do you test for HIV

A

rapid Antibody tests

47
Q

how does TB present

A

chronic cough or fever >2 weeks, night sweats, weight loss, lymphadenopathy

48
Q

what is the categoric diagnostic test for TB

A

acid fast bacilli!!

49
Q

how is TB treated

A

2 months Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol
then
4 months isoniazid, rifampicin

50
Q

what is the vaccine for TB

A

BCG

51
Q

how is malaria treated

A

artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for 3 days

52
Q

how is malnutrition managed

A 
investigate cause 
vit A 
de-worm 
ready to use therapeutic food 
make sure vaccinated
53
Q

what leads growth in the infant period

A

nutrients

54
Q

what leads growth in the childhood period

A

GH

55
Q

what leads growth in the pubertal period

A

sex steroid

56
Q

what supplements should non-breast fed kids take

A

Vit A + C + D

57
Q

what supplements should breast fed kids take

A

Vit D

Child health (1 decks)

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