Over-representation of Black Involvement in Relation to the Police Flashcards
Over-representation of Black involvement in relation to the police
Refers to the disproportionate number of Black individuals involved in interactions with law enforcement compared to other racial groups.
Explanatory models
Various theories or factors that attempt to explain the reasons behind the over-representation of Black people in police use of force cases.
Racial Animus Model
Suggests that racist police officers may abuse their authority and use coercive force against racial minority civilians out of racial hatred or animus.
Devaluation Model
Posits that racial minority citizens are devalued by society, leading to less scrutiny of police use of force against them and putting them at greater risk of police violence.
Racial Stereotype Model
Proposes that racial stereotypes may cause some police officers to view racial minorities, especially males, as more dangerous, leading to increased use of force against them.
Statistical Discrimination Model
Similar to the Racial Stereotype Model, this model uses statistical information to develop race-specific risk profiles that may influence officer fear and interactions with Black males in the community.
Minority Crime Model
Suggests that the over-representation of Black males in police use of force incidents is due to their higher involvement in crime and violent behaviors, rather than police bias.
Neighbourhood Model
Proposes that people in poor, high-crime areas are at greater risk of police violence due to officers being more vigilant and quicker to resort to force in such neighborhoods.
Proactive Policing (Profiling) Model
Black individuals are more likely to be subjected to proactive police surveillance practices, such as street checks, compared to White or other racial minority counterparts.
Demeanour Model
Suggests that individuals who are aggressive or disrespectful to police are more vulnerable to police force, as shown in a study where police were more likely to use force on verbally abusive suspects.
Integrated “Fear” Model
Combines elements of various models and states that police are more likely to use force when they fear for their safety, fellow officers’ safety, or civilians’ safety, with fear being influenced by factors like stereotypes and demeanour.
