Ovaryes Pathology Flashcards
1
Q
Cervical polyps
A
Hyper plastic protrusions of the epithelium
2
Q
Squamous cell carsinoma
A
Most common type of cervical cancer
3
Q
Garthner’s duct cyst
A
Small cyst whitin the vigina.
4
Q
Leiomyoma
A
Most common benign genicological tumer in women during their reproductive system.
5
Q
Cervical stenosis
A
Acquired condition with obstruction of the cervical canal
6
Q
Ectocervix
A
Portion of the canal of the uterin cervix that is lined with the squamous epithelium
7
Q
Adenomyosis
A
Benign invasive growth the endometrium that cause heavy painful menstru bleeding
8
Q
Intramural leiomyoma
A
Most common form of leionyama deforms the myometrium
9
Q
Metrorrhea
A
Irregular acyclic bleeding
10
Q
Submucosal liomyama
A
Deform the endometrial cavity cause heavy menstrual bleeding
11
Q
Subserosal leiomyoma
A
Type of lieomyama that becomes pedunculated and appears as extrauterin mass
12
Q
Endometrial carcinoma
A
Pedunculated or sessile well defined pedunculated mass attached to endometrial cavity
13
Q
Endometrial hyperplasia
A
Benign condition that results from estrogen stimulation of the endometrium without the influence of the progesterone. Frequent cause of bleeding
14
Q
Hematometra
A
Obstruction of the vagina and uterus,accumulation of blood
15
Q
Tamoxifen
A
An anti estrogen drug used in treating breast carcinomas. Cause growth leiomyoma
16
Q
Most common finding in middle aged women
A
Nabothian cyst
17
Q
Clinical finding of irregular bleeding maybe the result of
A
Cervical polyps
18
Q
Seen in hysterectomy patients after surgery
A
Vaginal cuff/ larger than 2.1cm modularity echogenisity(malignancy)
19
Q
The most common incidentally found cystic lesion of vigina
A
Garthners cyst
20
Q
The most common congenital abnormality of the female genital tract resulting in obstruction
A
In perforate hymen
21
Q
The most common gynecology benign tumor in 20 to 30 percent of women over the 30 higher in African American women.
A
Leiomyoma
22
Q
Estrogen dependent may increase in size during pregnancy
A
Myomas
23
Q
Types of leiomyromas
A
Submucosal
Intramural
subserosal
24
Q
Submucosal myoma
A
May erode in to the endometrial cavity , cause irregular or heavy bleeding.displacing or distorting endometrial cavity/ subsequent irregular or heavy menstrual bleeding
25
The earliest Sonographic finding of myomass
Uterin enlargement with a hérogenous texture and contour distortion along the interface bit the uterus andthe bladder
26
The most common cause of uterine calcification
Myomass
27
The less common cause of uterine calcification
Arcuate artery calcification in the periphery of the uterus
28
Ectopic occurrence of nests of endometrial tissue within the myometrium, more extensive in the posterior wall.
Adenomyosis
29
AVMS without an intervening capillary network
Uterine artery venous malformation consist of vascular plexus of arteries and veins
30
The most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding in both premenopausal and postmenopausal from unopposed estrogen stimulation
Endometrial hyperplasia
31
Hypoechoic region within the hyperechoic endometrium ,toward the end of luteal phase.
Polyps
32
Intrauterine synechiae
Endometrial adhesion/Ashermans syndrome
33
The earliest change with endometrial carcinoma and endometrial hyperthrophy and polyps
A thickened endometrium
34
Vagina
In staging not used to diagnose carcinoma of vagina
35
Vaginal tumors
Vaginal adenocarcinoma or rhabdomyosarcoma / solid mass occasional areas of necrosis
36
Modular areas in vaginal cuff
Post Irradiation fibrosis
37
Vaginal remnant
Vaginal cuff/ tissue after hysterectomy
38
Reasons to check the dagruan cuff vaginal
Tumor Recurrence and endometria's carcinoma or cervical carcinoma
39
Posterior cul-de-sac/ pouch of Douglas
Most posterior and inferior reflection of the peritoneal cavity/ rectouterine recess
40
Frequently site for intraperitoneal fluid collections
Pouch of Douglas
5ml fluid by TVs can detect
41
Pathologic fluid collection in pouch of Douglas with
Ascites
Blond from ruptured ectopic pregnancy
Hemorrhagic cyst
Pus resulting infection
Pelvic abscesses or hematoma
42
Cervix
Posterior to the bladder btw lower uterine seg and vaginal canal /
43
Cervical canal
From internal os where joins uterine cavity to external os which projects into vaginal vault
44
Cervix length /
2 in 4 Cm
TVs with empty bladder
45
Probe in TVs to cervix length
After utrin examined
Slowly pulled back
In image internal and external os
Saj view handle moved upward
Coronal images rotate Td and angulation to the L and R
46
Cervical polyps in women
In late middle aged women
Pedunculated or broad-based
47
Leiomyomas
Small percentage in cervix
When enlarges bladder or bowel obstruction
May pedunculate prolapse into vaginal canal
48
Sonohysterography
Enhance visualization of the location and thickness of the stalk in cervix mass
49
Benign uterine myoma or cervical myoma with
Endometrial adenocarcinoma without color Doppler
50
Cervical stenosis
Obstruction of cervical canal at internat or external os
51
Cervical stenosis condition
Radiation therapy
Cone biopsy
Postmenopausal cervical atrophy
Chronic infection
Laser orcryosurgery
Cervical carcinoma
52
Indirect indicator of cervical stenosis
Intracavity fluid collections
53
Distended fluid-filled uterus
In menopausal patient
Cervical stenosis
The result of accumulation of uterine secretions
Fluid hydrometer
Pyometra
Hematometra
54
Serviceable stenosis in premenopausal patients
Abnormal bleeding
Oligomenorrhea
amenorrhea
Cramping dysmenorrhea
Infertility
55
Appearance of Hematometrocolpos
Moderately echogenic collection in cervical area
56
Cervical carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
The most type
Cervical dysplasia
Mild - moderate- severe
57
Cervical carcinoma in sits
Fun thickness of epithelium_ undifferentiated neoplastic cells
58
Cervical carcinoma clinical symptoms
Vaginal discharge or bleeding
59
Cervical carcinoma us finding
Retrovesical mass
Obstruction of ureters
Invasion bladder
Indistinguishable from cervical myoma
Bladder ureteral vaginal rectal involvement in TVs and translabial
Ct MRI _LYMPHatic spread
60
Cervical carcinoma in us
Increased echo
Hypeechoic areas
Irregular outline areas
Multiple cystic area in a solid mass arising from endocervical gland
ADENOMA MALIGNUM
61
For cervical area visualization
Trans labial or perineal in saj plane
With partial bladder filling
Rotation of TD obliquely in counterclockwise direction coronal plane
62
Body of uterus
Lie obliquely on either side of midline
MAY MIMIC MASS ON PHYSICAL EXAM
63
Flexion
Axis of uterine body to cervix
64
Version
axis of cervix to vagina
65
Excellent for assessing retroverted retroflexed uterus
TV s bcs TD is closer posterior located fundus
66
Complete bicornuate uterus
Separatory cleft extended to internal os
67
Partial bicornuate
Lesser degree of separation of the 2 uterine
Hornes
68
Differential considerations for the uterus
Pregnancy
Posiparitum
Leiomyoma
Adenmyosis
Bicornuate
Didelphys
69
Uterine tumor
Leiomyoma
Carcinoma
Leiomyosarcoma
Adnomyosis
70
Differential for thickened endometrium
Early intrauterine pregnancy
Hyperplasia
Incompletely abortion
trophoblastic disease
Endoméritis
Adhesions
Polyps
Inflammation disease
Endometrial carcinoma
71
Differential for uterus endometrial fluid
Endeméritis
Products of conception
Servic inflammatory disease
Cervical obstruction
72
Endometrial shadowing
Differential consideration
Gas - abscess
Intrauterine device
Calcified myoms or vessels
Products of conception
73
MosT common gynaecological tumors in 20 % to 30 % women over 30
Leiomysmas
74
Spindle_shapped
Smooth muscle
Whorl-like pattern tumor/ variable amounts of fibrous connective tissue / can degenerate
Leiomyomas
75
Most common pelvic tumor
Leiomyomas
76
Clinical finding of Leiomyomas
Enlarged uterus
Pain
bleeding in regular
Metrorrhagia
Heavy mensiral bleeding menorrhagia
Infertility by distorting fallopian tube or endometrial cavity
77
Leiomyomas location
Submucosal
Intramural
Subserosal
78
Submucosal Leiomyomas
Disruption into endometrial cavity
Heavy bleeding
Infertility
79
Intramural Leiomyomas
Within myometrium
May enlarge cause pressure to adjacent organs
Infertility
Recurrent pregnancy loss
80
Subserosal Leiomyomas
Arise from myometrium
Exophytically
May be pedunculated
May enlarge to cause pressure to adjacent organs
81
Uterine Estrogen_dependent tumors
Leiomyomas/ myomas
Increase in size during pregnancy I/2 changes
82
Rarely develop in postmenoposal women
Decrease in size in menopause
Leiomyomas
Bcs of lack of estrogen
83
Rapid increase in myoma size in postmennapausal would be
Suspicious for neoplasm
84
Most common type of leiomyoma
Intramural
Confined to my myometrium
85
Can becomepedunculated like a extrauterine masses
Leiomyanas subserosal
86
Which type of myomas cause anemia
Submucosal leiomyomas
87
Treatment of lieonyoma in infertility and menorrhagia
Submucosal myoma surgery
Myomecomy
Hormonal suppression to stop bleeding
Endometrial ablation
UAE uterine artery embolization
Hifu
88
Most common cause of uterine calcifications
Myomas
89
Less commences of uterine calcification
Arcuare artery calcification in periphery uterus
90
Monkebergs's arteriosclerosis
Calcification s sclerosis within acute arteries bcs of diabetes or hyper tension chronic renal failure such calcification in arteries throughout body
91
Adenemyosis
Adenomyoma
Isolated implants cause
Reactive hypertrophy of surround ding
Myometrium
Cause diffuse enlargement uterine
92
Clinical finding of adenomyosis
60%
Abnormal uterine bleeding. hypermeno
Prolonged bleeding menormhagia
Irregular acyclic bleeding. merrorrhea
93
US finding of adenomyosis
Diffuse uterine enlargement
Thickening of posterior myometrium
Indistinct border between endometrium and myometrium
Myometrium cysts
94
Most common presentation of adenomyosis
Diffuse uterine enlargement
Thickening of the myometrium
In distinct border between endometrium and my ometrium
Myometrium cyst
95
Adenomyosis may mimic
Fibroid
Bcs of large area of myometrical hetrogenicity focal mass displacing endometrium
96
Swiss cheese
Honeycomb pattern
Small hypoechoic myometrial cyst
Because of hemorrhage in endometrial tissue fluid nature of lesions acoustic enhancement seen posterior in uterus
97
Arteriovenous malformations
Vascular plexus af arteries and veins without intervening capillary network_ US
Usually myometrium
Rarely endometrium
98
Clinical symptoms of arterio venous malformations
Women of childbearing years metrorrhagia with blood loss and anemia
Dilation and curettage_ lead to hemorrhage
99
US finding in arterio venous malformations
Serpiginous anechoic structures within the pelvis
Myameírial inhemogenicity
Tubular spaces within myometrium
Intramural uteri mass
Endometrial or cervical mass
Prominent parametrial vessels
100
arterio venous malformations color Doppler
Anechoic structure showing blood flow
Florid-colored mosaic pattern
Flow reversal and color aliasing
Doppler spectral high velocity low resistance arterial flow coupled
With high-velocity venous flow with arterial component
101
Uterine leiomyosarcoma
Rare-solid tumor arising from myometrium or endometrium
Commonly fundus
40 to 60
Rapid growth
102
Most common in women 40 to 60
-Uterine leiomyosarcoma
103
Very rare condition in children by grapelike clusters of tumor mass
Sarcoma botryoides
104
US findings
Resemble endometrial myomas Er endometrial carcinoma with features of solid or mixed-solid and cystic texture
Rapid enlargement of solid uterine mass
105
Uterine leiomyosarcoma can resemble
Myomas or
Endometrial carcinoma with feature of solid or mixed solid and cystic texture
106
Landmark for identification of lung axis of the uterus
- Endometrial canal
107
The most-feature of endometrial pathology
Abnormal bleeding especially in postmenopausal patient
Hyperplasia
Polyps
Carcinoma
108
Valuable for further evaluation abnormally thickened endometrium
Sonohysterography SIS
By distending endometriAL cavity with saline
109
Contradiction of sononystrography
With acute pelvic inflammatory disease
110
Endometrial hyperplasia
Follow prolonged endogenous or exogenous estrogenic stimulation
111
Precursor of endometrial cancer
Endometrial Hyperplasia
112
Us finding of encemetrial hyperplasia
Abnormal thickening of endometrium
113
Majority of Women with pastmenpausal uterine bleeding experience
Endometrial atrophy
114
Thickness of atrophic
Endometrium
{ Less than 5 mm
115
Us used to help which patients are candidate for biopsy in endometrial hyperplasia
Mey use endometrial measurement alone
>5 to 8mm without bleeding
Or use symptoms as criteria
<5 to 8mm with bleeding
116
Common hormonal regimens in menopausal women
l. No hormones
2.unopposed estrogen( Premarin)
3.combined estrogen and progesterone
4.sequential estrogen and progesterone(Premarin and provera)
117
Unopposed estrogen if uterus is present
Increased risk for endemérial hyperplasia or carcinoma
118
Break through in which regimen hormones
Combined
Bleeding during mouth
annoying progesterone side effect
119
Have predictable withdrawal bleeding at end of each mouth
Sequential estrogen and progesterone
120
Endometrial polyps types
Pedunculated
broad based
Have thin stalk
121
Cause diffuse or focal endometrial thickening
Frequently seen in peri and posímenospausal
Polyps
122
US findingin polyps
Appear toward end of laurel phase
Hypo-echoic isoechoic region within hypo echoic endometrium
May appear nonspecific echogenic endometrial thickening
-maybe diffuse or focal and also appear as round echogenic mass within endometrial cavity
123
TV endometrial polyp
Focal thickening within the endometrial cavity
124
Most often endemeiritis reason reason
With PID
In postpartum state
Instrumentation of uterus
125
Clinicaly endemetritis
Intense pelvic pain
126
Nyometrium highly vascularized
Endemetritis
127
US finding in endometritis
Prominem, irregular,with small amount ofendometrial fluid
! Pus may be in cul-de-sac as echogenic particle particles or debris
! Enlarged ovaries with multiple cyst and indistinct margins secondary to preovarian inflammation
! Dilation of Fallopian tube
128
Dilation of fallopian rude in US
Fluid-filled tubular shapes seen as well-defined echogenic walls
5 mm or move wan thickness acute disease
129
How to distinguish fluid-filled bowel from fanapian tube
By gentle pressure compressionenpelvicwan to look peristalsis or movement of bowel lumen
130
Tubo-ovarian complex
As infection worsen, peri ovarian adhesions may form and fuse inflamed tube and every
Further progression tube-ovarian abscess
131
Tuba ovarian abscess appears in US
Appears as complex multi-loculated mass
With separations
Irregular shaggy margins
Scattered internal echoes
132
Clinical endometritis
Low back pain
Fever
Lower abdominal rain
Dysmenorrhea
Menorrhagia
Sterility
Constipation
133
Synechiae
Intravierine/ endometrial adhesions/ asherman's syndrome/
With post traumatic or post surgical histories
Uterine curettage
134
US in synechiae
Bright echoes within endometrial cavity
Better see with fluid distending endemérial cavity
Best teen during Secretary phase when endomárium is more hyperechoic
easily seen in gravid uterus appear as hyper echoic band traversing uterus from anterior to posterior
135
Most common gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma
136
Most malignany in post menopausal patients
Endometrial carcinoma
137
Most common clinical presentation in Endometrial carcinoma
Uterine bleeding
138
Strong association with replacement estrogen therapy
Endometrial carcinoma
139
Risk factor for Endometrial carcinoma in premenopes
Anovulatory cycles and obesity
140
Earliest change of Endometrial carcinoma
Thickened endometrium
141
Abnormally thick endometrium associated with
Endometrial hyperthrophy
Polyps
142
Thickness of endometriumconsidered cancer
> 4 to 5 mm
143
Endometrial carcinoma without color Doppler looks like a
Benign myoma
144
Clear evidence for endometrial carcinoma
Myometrial invasion
145
Associated with estrogen stimulation
Postmenopausal bleeding
Endometrial carcinoma
146
US Endometrial carcinoma
Prominent endometrial complex
Enlarged uterus with irregular areas of low-level echoes
147
Superficial invasion of the Endometrial carcinoma in US
Intactness of subendométrial halo
Inner layer of myometrium
148
Indicative E of deep invasion of Endometrial carcinoma
Obliteration of sub endometrial halo
149
Tamoxifen secondary effects on endometrium
Non steroidal anti esrogen compound
Widely used inadjuvant therapy in pre and post menopause with breast cancer
150
Small endometrial fluid collections
Ectopic pregnancy
Endemotritis
Degenerating myomas
Recent abortion
151
Large endometrial fluid collections
Obstruction of cervical os results in accumulation of secretions, blood.
152
Hydrometrocolpos
Accumulation of secretions before menstruation
153
Hematometro colpos
'following menstruation
Retained menstrual blood
154
Clinically symptoms of large endometrial fluid
Abdominal pain
Enlarged abdominal mass
May or may not vaginal bleeding
Fever. infection of blood collection
155
Pyometra
More in uterine cancer
156
US IN large endometrial fluid collections
Large endometrial cavity fluid collections
Central y cystic
Round
Moderately enlarged uterus
May with echogenic material if pus or blood present
157
US in IUCD
Malposition
Perforation
Incomplete removal of IUCD
158
Adenoma malignum
Multiple cystic areas within the cervical mass
Rare neoplasm of cervix
159
Monkeyburgers' arteriosclerosis
Calcified sclerosis within vessels
160
Adenomyosis
Ectopic occurrence of endometrial tissue within myometrium
Benign diffuse or focal
Bulky enlarged uterus without focal mass
161
Adenomyoma
Focal Adenomyosis
Isolated implants cause reactive hypertrophy surrounding myometrium
162
Honeycomb or Swiss chess pattern
Adenomyosis
Hemorrhage in endometrial tissue cause small cysts in myometrium
163
Sarcoma botryoides
Very rare in children with grape like clusters of tumors
164
K.Enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts and indistinct margins
Peri ovarian inflammation
165
o 319. Fertilization usually occurs:
A. In the uterus
B. In the cornua
C. In the isthmus
D. In the ampulla
E. In the fimbria
D
166
C 325. Doppler waveforms of the uterine arterial flow typically show:
A. Low-velocity, high-resistance pattern
B. High-velocity, low-resistance pattern
C. High-velocity, high-resistance pattern
D. Low-velocity, low-resistance pattern
E. Reverse-flow pattern
C
167
Doppler waveforms of the ovarian arterial flow typic
A. Low-velocity, high-resistance pattern
B. High-velocity, low-resistance pattern
C. High-velocity, high-resistance pattern
D. Low-velocity, low-resistance pattern
E. Reverse-flow pattern
D
168
E 328. Using the International Reference Preparation for hCG, which of the followi levels should allow us to see an intrauterine gestational sac transabdominally
A. 1200
B. 1800
C. 2500
D. 3000
E. 3600
B329. Using the 2nd International Standard, which of the following levels should to see a normal intrauterine gestational sac transabdominally?
A. 1200
B. 1800
C. 2500
D. 3000
E. 3600
E
B
169
Normal follicles should show ovarian parenchyma between them. If no ovar tissue can be seen berween the cysts and the cysts are relatively equal in siz should suspect.
Hyper stimulation
170
- 373. All of the following are considered physiologic conditions of the ovary EXCEPT:
A. Follicular cyst
B. Corpus luteal cyst
C. Dermoid cyst
D. Theca lutein cyst
E. Polycystic ovaries
C
171
375. If the 2nd International Standard for hCG is 2000, the IRP level would be:
A. 1000
B. 2000
C. 3000
D. 4000
E. 5000
D
172
C 387. The 2nd International Standard for hCG is
Preparation level (IRP).
A. One-fourth
B. One-third
C. One-half
D. Double
E. Triple
C
173
190. If you discover an ovarian cyst measuring 2.5 cm in a 23-year-old fernale, what finding would suggest to you that this cyst is a dominant follicle rather than a corpus luteum cyst?
A. Cul-de-sac fluid
B. Debris within the cyst
C. Clean smooth walls
D. Fibrinous strands within
E. Thick walls
C
174
422. It is estimated that 40% of women with the following problem will have trouble conceiving:
A. Adenomyosis
B. Salpingitis.
C. Endometriosis
D. Endometritis
E. Leiomyomatosis
C
175
D 442. Which of the following disease processes should NOT be seen in the
postmenopausal patient?
A. Endometrial carcinoma
B. Ovarian cancer
C. Endometrial hyperplasia
D. Endometriosis
E. Leiomyomas
D
176
445. On color Doppler sonography, most malignant ovarian tumors yield flow signals that are best characterized as:
A. Avascular
B. High impedance
C. Low impedance
D. Variable
E. No flow
C
177
446. If a postmenopausal patient is asymptomatic and fluid is identified within her endometrial cavity, the most likely cause of the fluid would be:
A. Endometrial carcinoma
B. Endometritis
C. Pelvic inflammatory disease
D. Endometrial atrophy
E. Vesicovaginal fistula
D
178
, 447. An ovarian tumor accompanied by pelvic ascites usually suggests malignancy. An
exception to this rule would be ascites associated with:
A. Dysgerminoma
B. Ovarian fibroma
C. Pseudomyxoma peritonei
D. Yolk sac tumor
E. Cystadenocarcinoma
B
179
8. The most common site for an extrauterine adnexal mass is the:
A. Ovary
B. Fallopian tubes
C. Cervix
D. Broad ligament
E. Fornix
A
180
O 449. All of the following are solid tumors except:
A. Thecoma
B. Fibroma
C. Brenner's tumor
D.. Cystadenoma
E. Teratoma
D 450. Which of these masses is considered malignant?
A. Endometrioma
B. Cystadenoma
C. Dermoid
D. Dysgerminoma
E. Pyosalpinx
D
D
181
454. A benign cystic teratoma contains tissues from:
A. Ectoderm
B. Ectoderm and mesoderm
C. Ectoderm and endoderm
D. Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
E. None of the above
D
182
B 451. Most adnexal masses are:
A. Cystic, ovarian in origin, and malignant
B. Cystic and ovarian in origin
C. Ovarian in origin and malignant
D. Cystic and malignant
E. None of the above
B
183
D 462. On a transverse image of the pelvis, a complex mass is seen displacing the anterior
bladder wall posteriorly. This mass is located in the
A. Pouch of Douglas
B. Uterovesical space
C. Morrison's pouch
D. Space of Retzius
E. Anterior cul-de-sac
D
184
E 457. A granulosa cell tumor is:
A. Androgenic
B. Benign
C. Estrogenic
D. Androgenic and benign
E. Benign and estrogenic
E
185
A 466. The most common location for a benign cystic teratoma is:
A. Anterior and superior
B. Posterior and inferior
C. In the right adnexa
D. In the left adnexa
E. In the false pelvis
A
186
B 471. One would not expect to see cul-de-sac fluid with:
A. Pelvic inflammatory disease
B. Uterine fibroids
C. Normal ovulation
D. Ectopic pregnancy
E. Pelvic ascites
B
187
78. All of the following could cause for pelvie inflammatory disease EXCEPT
A. Sexually transmitted diseas
B. Ruptured appendix
C. TORCH (toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus)
D. Exposure to DES (diethyistilbestrol)
E. Tuberculosis
D
188
B 494. Perihepatitis can be associated with pelvic inflammatory disease, causing right
upper quadrant tenderness and pain. This condition is:
A. PID
B. Fitz-Hugh Curtis syndrome
C. Stein-Leventhal syndrome
D. Indistinct uterus
E. Meigs' syndrome
B
189
D 495. Pelvic ascites and right-sided pleural effusions can be associated with benign
ovarian fibromas. This condition is:
A. Carcinoid syndrome
B. Turner's syndrome
C. Stein-Leventhal syndrome
D. Meigs' syndrome
E. Pseudosyndrome
D
190
490. Whenever you suspect pelvic ascites, you should:
A. Have the patient void and then rescan.
B. Always check Morison's pouch.
C. Scan the liver.
D. A and B
E. B and C
B
191
A patient presents with abdominal swelling, low back pain, and an extremely elevated CA-125. These clinical findings suggest:
A. Pregnancy
B. Infection
C. Hemorrhage
D. Malignancy
E. Findings are nonspecific
D
192
486. Fitz-Hugh Curtis syndrome consists of:
A. Hirsutism and infertility
B. Pelvic ascites and pleural effusion
C. Webbed neck and gonadal dysgenesis
D. Right upper quadrant pain and PID
E. Pelvic ascites and metastases to the liver
D
193
E 487. Large pelvic masses, whether benign or malignant, may cause
the
; ther
should be evaluated also:
A. Metastatic lesions, liver
B. Gallstones, gallbladder
C. Biliary obstruction, liver and biliary tree
D. Portal-splenic hypertension, liver and spleen
E. Urinary obstruction, kidneys
E 488. If a primary malignant process is suspected in the pelvis, one should also sc:
E
