Ovarian cysts Flashcards
Which ovarian cysts is commonly found in young women and children and is associated with torsion?
Dermoid cyst - will present with acute onset pain and nausea?
What % of dermoid cysts are bi-lateral?
10-20%
What percentage of ovarian tumours are teratomas, what percentage are malignant?
20-25%, only 4% are malignant. They can be hormonally active and secrete hCG, a-fetoprotein and thyroxine.
Which rare ovarian can present in post-menopausal women with PMB? How does this symptom occur? What cancer does this condition predispose them to?
Thecoma (sex cord stromal cyst) - benign oestrogen secreting tumour - excessive oestrogen causes women to bleed. High levels of unopposed oestrogen → endometrial carcinoma.
Which types of cyst most frequently presents with meigs syndrome? Describe this syndrome.
What age groups are these cysts more commonly found in and how can they present?
Fibroma (sex cord stromal cyst) -Meig’s syndrome causes a non-malignant ascites and pleural effusion which resolves after removal of the tumour.
- older women - can present due to heaviness of the ovary
What is pseudomyoxoma peritonei? What types of cancers/cyst causes it?
a clinical condition caused by mucinous adenocarcinoma (cancer complication of mucinous cystadenoma = epithelial) that produce mucin or gelatinous ascites. This mucinous fluid builds up in the ascites.
What percentage of ovarian tumours are mucinous tumours? What do they look like? What other tumours are they associated with?
20% - large multilocalted cysts derived from mucinous epithelium so contain mutinous fluid. That are associated with appendix & gallbladder cancers.
What is the most common ovarian cancer? What age group is at highest risk?
Serous adenocarcinoma (epithelial). More common with ↑ age & more common in peri-menopausal
Which ovarian cyst is most likely to rupture resulting in sepsis?
Tubo-ovarian abscess cyst - complication of PID
What is the mgmt for tube-ovarian cyst?
Antibiotics and surgery
Which is the most common type of ovarian cyst?
follicular - functional cyst occurring from follicles not rupturing.
How to you minimise your risk of developing a functional ovarian cysts?
COCP
Which functional cyst will occur half way thorough the luteal phase?
Corpus luteal cyst
How common is ovarian cancer compared to other gynaecological cancers in the UK?
Most common: 1 in 2500 aged >55yrs
Risk factors
Family Hx
early menarche, late menopause, nulliparity
Lynch II syndrome
