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VPhysio > Ovarian cyclicity > Flashcards

Ovarian cyclicity Flashcards

1
Q

Ovarian cyclicity of cow

A

non-seasonal, spontaneous ovulator, 60-65 percent RO

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2
Q

Estrus cycle days of cow and heifer?

A

21-cow; 20 heifer

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3
Q

Proestrus of cows in days?

A

2 days

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4
Q

estrus of cows in days?

A

18 hrs (12-24) shortest among domestic animals

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5
Q

ovulation of cows in days?

A

10-16 hrs

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6
Q

metestrus of cows in days?

A

2 days

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7
Q

Diestrus of cows and heifer in days?

A

16- cow; 15 heifer

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8
Q

Signs of heat of estrus in cow

A

restlessness, decrease appetitis, mount other cow, sniff and lick the perineum of cow, swollen and congested vulva, stand still to be mounted, vulva mucus (ropy clear mucus from the vulva, dried on the flanks)

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9
Q

heat detection aid in cow

A

chalk, kamar heat mount, heat watch

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10
Q

where does chalk applied? How it detects estrus?

A

applied on the tail between the hip bone to vertical descent of tail; if the animals is in estrus, males will be mounting that hence the talk will spread in the flank area

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11
Q

explain kamar

A

place of the flank region, when the animal is in heat and the male tried to mount them, the dye inside the device will pop and the red dye will spread (the higher the spread the near it is to the estrus)

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12
Q

explain heat watch

A

the patch transmitter will be placed in the upper tail region, when the male mounts the female, the device will detect it

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13
Q

Ovarian cyclicity of bitch

A

seasonal monoestrus, spontaneous ovulator

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14
Q

Estrus cycle days of bitch?

A

2-3 times per year

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15
Q

Proestrus of bitch in days?

A

5-9 days (longest)

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16
Q

estrus of bitch in days?

A

7-9 days

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17
Q

ovulation of bitch in days?

A

3 days after the onset of estrus

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18
Q

metestrus of bitch in days?

A

2 days

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19
Q

Diestrus of bitch in days?

A

variable

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20
Q

explain the hormonal changes during estrous cycle

A

estrogen: high to decreasing as the estrus is near, responsible for the clinical signs of estrus; LH surge at the day of ovulation, CL is produced hence progesterone is increase (peak at diestrus stage); if pregnant it will be maintain if not increase PGF2a- luteolysis

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21
Q

Changes in the vulva

A

swollen and enlarged, presence of bloody discharged from vulva (during the proestrus and estrus stage)

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22
Q

Changes in behavior of the dog during cycle

A

aggressive towards male in, passive (increasing level), estrus: very recepto to the animals ensuring copulation

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23
Q

breeding sound examination

A

Clinical and breeding history, PE, Vaginoscopy and vaginal cytology- since changes in the epithelium of the vagina of dogs hence it is reliable to check for the stage of estrus for breeding

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24
Q

how to do vaginal cytology

A

open the vagina using speculum, swab the vaginal wall in rotating manner, roll the swab in the slide, stain it with hemaquick

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25
Q

high nucleated epithelial cells (early, low if late), no cc (early, if late: medyo high), with rbc

A

Proestrus

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26
Q

high epithelial cells that have no nucleus, ribbon like epithelium- cornified cells arounf 95 percent or higher, low amount of NCC (early, no if late)

A

Estrus

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27
Q

NCC with low CC WBC

A

Metestrus

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28
Q

high WBC low NCC no CC

A

Diestrus

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29
Q

with/ without WBC with NCC, no CC

A

Anestrus

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30
Q

type of pseudopregnancy; why?

A

covert or overt type; retained CL even absence of pregnancy

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31
Q

manifest signs of pregnancy; no external signs of pregnancy?

A

overt, covert

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32
Q

signs of pregnancy

A

nesting, development of MMG, enlargement of abdomen due to enlarge uterus, hypertrophy of endo, glans development, pelvis relax, external genitalia experience labor

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33
Q

pregancy hormones that should be checked to see if the animals are really pregnant

A

high in P4 and Relaxin; if p4 high (it is decreasing over time), relaxing low= pseudopregnancy

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34
Q

Ovarian cyclicity of mare

A

seasonal breeders (long day= spring to summer); spontaneous), Left ovary dominant 60 percent

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35
Q

Estrus cycle days of mare?

A

21 days

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36
Q

Proestrus of mare in days?

A

1 days

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37
Q

estrus of mare in days?

A

6 days (5-7); tropical countries 3-4 days

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38
Q

ovulation of mare in days?

A

last 1/3 of estrus (2-3 days before the end of estrus)

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39
Q

metestrus of mare in days?

A

1 days

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40
Q

Diestrus of mare in days?

A

13 days

41
Q

Signs of heat of estrus in mare; how stallion responds for estrus female

A

tail elevation, adapts micturation position, clitoral eversion and vulvar winking, squatting; flehmen reaction, licking and biting

42
Q

when does mares on tropical countries mate? Temperate?

A

1st day of estrus;3rd day of estrus

43
Q

Ovarian cyclicity of ewe

A

seasonal breeders (short-day, fall to winter), polyestrus; spontaneous, right ovary dominant 60 percent

44
Q

Estrus cycle days of ewe?

A

17 days

45
Q

Proestrus of ewe in days?

A

2 days

46
Q

estrus of ewe in days?

A

1.5 days

47
Q

ovulation of ewe in days?

A

last 1/2 day of estrus

48
Q

metestrus of ewe in days?

A

2 days

49
Q

Diestrus of ewe in days?

A

11.5 days

50
Q

long day breeders of ewe?

A

merino, karakul, persian, blackhead, dorset horn- mediterranean and spanish breeds

51
Q

short day breeders of ewe?

A

english and scottish (hampshire, southdown, shropshire, romney

52
Q

Signs of heat

A

sheep form harem-dominant rams, side from stand still, swelling of vulva, restlessness

53
Q

time for breeding of ewe

A

midestrus to latter part of estrus

54
Q

detection of estrus in the sheep

A

heat watch ( patch and transmitter to the ramp)

55
Q

social groupings association of sheep

A
  1. male to male rams 3-6 months old. It hastens the onset of puberty. Otherwise, sexual segregation delayes the occurrence of first copulation; 2. Female to female- hasten onset of puberty, estrus synch, advance onset of breeding season; 3. Femalt to male- female effect improves secual activity of ram. Male effect- shortens puberty, anestrus, change timing of onsent and end of reproductive season
56
Q

Ovarian cyclicity of doe

A

polyestrus, spontaneous ovulator

57
Q

Estrus cycle days of doe?

A

21 days

58
Q

Proestrus of doe in days?

A

2 days

59
Q

estrus of doe in days?

A

3 days

60
Q

ovulation of doe in days?

A

21-36 hrs after the onset of estrus

61
Q

metestrus of doe in days?

A

2 days

62
Q

Diestrus of doe in days?

A

14 days

63
Q

signs of heat of doe

A

restlessness, decrease appetitis, tail twitching, flagging, stand still- vulva is hyperemic and edamtous

64
Q

Ovarian cyclicity of pig?

A

polyestrus, nonseasonal,spontaneous ovulator

65
Q

Estrus cycle days of pig?

A

21 days

66
Q

Proestrus of pig in days?

A

2 days

67
Q

estrus of pig in days?

A

2-3 days

68
Q

ovulation of pig in days?

A

late 1/3 of estrus

69
Q

metestrus of pig in days?

A

2 days

70
Q

Diestrus of pig in days?

A

14 days

71
Q

signs of heat of pigs

A

restlessness, decrease appetitis, grunting, vulva- hyperemic and edematous, sniffs vuvla of other females, seak bores noses testis and flank, stationary and rigid stance with ears, standing heat (back pressure test)

72
Q

device to detect pregnant pigs

A

doppler

73
Q

Ovarian cyclicity of cat?

A

polyestrus, nonseasonal,spontaneous ovulator

74
Q

Estrus cycle days of cat?

A

14-21 days

75
Q

Proestrus of cats in days?

A

1-3 days

76
Q

estrus of cat in days?

A

5-10 days

77
Q

ovulation of cat in days?

A

24-32 after LH surge

78
Q

metestrus of cat in days?

A

2 days

79
Q

Diestrus of cat in days?

A

variable

80
Q

when does LH sruge starts?

A

minutes after the intromission (4-16 hrs)

81
Q

after 1st mating, ovulation chances? After multiple mating?

A

50 percent, higher percent ovulation

82
Q

CS of heat in cat

A

increase affection to object, crawling with chest on the floor, rolling, vocalization

83
Q

fates of estrus cats

A

mate- fertilizatio= pregnant, sterile matingo ovulation- psuedopregnancy, prolonged estrus- follicular atresia- proestrus and estrus, Diestrus- anestrus

84
Q

vagina is the site of semen deposition; sperm resevoir is in cervix

A

bitch, queen, cow, ewe, sow

85
Q

uterus is the site of semen deposition; utero tubal

A

sow and mare

86
Q

stages of sper transport

A

intial rapid transport (presence of sperm in oviduct after mating- not involved with fertilization because of structural damage); sperms na naiwan will establish sperm reservoir (6-12 hrs after semen deposition), slow transported; slow release of sperm from the reservoir to the oviduct- sperms that can fertilize ovum or ova

87
Q

sperm fertilizinf capacity of bitch and queen

A

90 hrs

88
Q

sperm fertilizinf capacity of cow, ewe, sow

A

24-48 hrs

89
Q

sperm fertilizinf capacity of mare

A

5 days

90
Q

Factors important for fertilization

A

fertilizing lifespan of sperm- 2x longer than ovum; Sperm gains ability to fertilize ovum as it stays in the F genital tract- sperm capacitation

91
Q

activation of acrosome important for sperm to penetrate the ovum

A

sperm capacitation

92
Q

site of sperm capacitation

A

isthmus of oviduct

93
Q

Changes occuring in the sperm capacitation

A

fusion of plasma membrane and outer acrosomal membrane; vessiculation: release of acrosomal membrane; Activation of acrosomal enzymes (hyaluronidase)

94
Q

fusion of male and female gamete? Result

A

fertilization; froming single cell- zygote (migrate to the uterus)

95
Q

oocyte is viable up to how many hours after ovulation?

A

18 hrs

96
Q

Site of fertilization?

A

amupulla of the oviduct

97
Q

process of fertilization

A

Migration of sperm between cumulus oophurus and corona radiata aided by hyaluronidase (in all animals) + aryl sulfatase (in boars); migration of sperm to zona pellucida where the acrosomal reaction takes placwe- occurs after sperm attaches to ZP3 receptors; then penetrate the vitelline membrane (occurs ZONA reaction takes place)= no other sperm can penetrate; Sperm will fertilize the ovum (monospermic), fusion of gametes- zygote

98
Q

when does 1st cell division occurs in ewe, sow, cow?

A

12-14 days-s, 16-24days -e, 20-24days-c

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