OV1015 Neural Biology and General Pathology Flashcards
What are the 4 tissues in the body?
Nervous
Muscular
Epithelial
Connective
What 7 bones makeup the orbit?
Major bones of the face:
Frontal
Zygomatic
Maxillary
Other bones:
ethmoid
Lacrimal
Great wing of sphenoid
Lesser wing of sphenoid
Name the muscles in the right eye
Levator palpebrae superioris Trachlea Inferior oblique Superior oblique Inferior rectus Lateral rectus Medial rectus Superior rectus
Explain the path of light
- Light rays impinge on the surface the eye and encounter the tear film
- Outer coat of the eye is mostly opaque sclera
- Light reaches the eye after transversing the anterior chamber
- Cornea and Lens act together to focus light onto the retina while lines posterior chamber
- Between the retina and the sclera is the choroid
- They receive their nutrients from the clear aqueous humour
- Posterior chamber filled with vitreous chamber
- Muscles of the iris can alter the size of pupil
- Muscles in the cilary body can change the shape of the lens during accommodation
What 3 things happen to sunlight as it hits object on the earth?
Absorbed
Transmitted
Reflected
What is the choroid?
Contains the vascular supply to the retina
Where is the front of the eye modified into the transparent cornea
Corneascleral junction to the limbus
What is the aqueous humour?
Produced in the cilary body
Drains through pupil suplying lens and cornea with nutrients
Drained at filtration angle by the canal of schlemm
What happens when drainage does not function properly at the canal of schlemm
Build up of pressure
Results in disease know as glaucoma
What does the adenexa consist of?
Extraocular muscles
Lacrimal gland
Eyelids
Conjuctiva
Describe what the lacrimal gland is
Produces watery fluid (secretd between the sclera and upper eyelid) Spread across the eye by blinking Pushed towards hole called punctum Tear film drains into lacrimal sac Ends upp in the nose
Describe the nervous tissue
Nerve cells called neurons
Nerve cells in the eye associated with most structures
e.g. cornea - sensory
Cilary body - motor
Describe skeletal muscular tissue
Attached to the skeleton
Striated in appearance
Capable of generating a lot of force quickly
Under voluntary control
e.g. Eye lid muscles - Orbicularis occuli
Uni-nucleated
Describe smooth muscular tissue
Found in hollow organs Non-striated Capable of sustained activity e.g. cilary body and iris Uni-nucleated
Describe Cardiac muscular tissue
Found only in the heart Striated Involuntary Branches Multi-nucleated
What is the covering epithelia
Lines the free (apical ) surfaces of the skin
Polyhedral in shape
Strong attachments with adjacent cells
Tessellate together
Can either be smooth or covered with microvilli/cilia
What are the functions of the covering epithelia
Protection
Absorption
Filtering
Sensation
Where does the basal surface of an epthelial ell rest
Basement membrane
What properties do most epithelial tissue have
Highly regenerative
Avascular
Innverated by both sensory and motor nerve fibres
How can epithelial be classified
Based on the shape of the cells:
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Number of layers:
Simple
Stratified
