Outside factor - Material (Money)

Question 1

Swann Report

Answer 1

Social class differences account for the high proportion of differences in achievement between ethnic groups.
Pakistani and Bangladeshi are 3X more likely than Whites to be in the poorest ⅕ of the population
15% of minority groups live in overcrowded homes (2% for whites)

Question 2

Sewell

Answer 2

Culture of the Black Caribbean boys for their own failure.
Lack positive role models due to being from matriarchal backgrounds.
Result of their upbringing, generally financially deprived.
Boys turn to role models in rpa/ youth culture, the idea that they can ‘get rich quick’ though illegitimate means rather through hard work.
Vulnerable to peer pressure and drawn to hyper-masculine, anti-school subcultures.
Black boys the ‘kings of playgrounds but paupers in classroom’ black boys ‘act out’ hyper-masculine behaviours that are conducive to learning.

Question 3

Smith and Noble

Answer 3

Those from low income backgrounds face ‘financial barriers to learning’ - unable to afford school uniforms, transport, textbooks and class materials which can lead to isolation and bullying.
Less likely to have a computer/ desk/ Homework area.
Pupils are more likely to work part time jobs or care for younger siblings if parents do shift work.