Outros

Question 1

A sigla ETOPS significa:

Answer 1

Extended Twin Engine Operation

Question 2

O que é o ETOPS?

Answer 2

Certificado emitido pela ICAO às companhias aéreas, que permite a operação de aeronaves bimotoras em rota, mesmo que em alguns pontos as mesmas estejam a mais de 60 minutos de um aeródromo de alternativa.

Question 3

O que significa uma certificação ETOPS-180?

Answer 3

Significa que uma companhia em uma determinada aeronave específica, está autorizada a realizar voos onde em determinados pontos da rota, pode estar até 180 minutos de voo em caso de falha em um dos motores.

Question 4

Quantos e quais passos são necessários para uma certificação ETOPS?

Answer 4

2 passos. O primeiro é de responsabilidade do fabricante, que deve comprovar ao respectivo órgão regulador que sua aeronave atende ao critérios mínimos de fuselagem e motor requeridos, bem como a carga de trabalho da tripulação excederá limites operacionais. O segundo passo é de responsabilidade do operador, que deve atender aos requisitos do órgão regulador em seu país, além de comprovar que sua tripulação esta devidamente qualificada.

Question 5

Qual a maior certificação ETOPS já aprovada e para qual aeronave?

Answer 5

ETOPS-370, aprovada para o Airbus A350 XWB em 2014.

Question 6

An aircraft with a 92 Kts threshold IAS is categorised as …

Answer 6

B (91 Kts - 120 Kts)

Question 7

An aircraft with a 140 Kts threshold IAS is categorised as …

Answer 7

C (121 Kts - 140Kts)

Question 8

An aircraft with a 90 Kts threshold IAS is categorised as …

Answer 8

A (Less than 91 Kts)

Question 9

An aircraft with a 153 Kts threshold IAS is categorised as …

Answer 9

D (141Kts - 164Kts)

Question 10

An aircraft with a 200 Kts threshold IAS is categorised as …

Answer 10

E (165Kts - 210Kts*)

* PANS-OPS only

Question 11

Wich authority stablished the PANS-OPS criteia?

Answer 11

ICAO (Doc 8168)

Question 12

Wich authority stablished the TERPS criteia?

Answer 12

FAA (Order n° 8260.3C)

Question 13

What’s the importance of knowledge the criteria that is being used when performing an procedure?

Answer 13

Because depending on the criteria used, the aircraft can be categorised differently, and as a resultu of that, the minimuns that must be respected may be different.

Question 14

Would be possible for an aircraft to be categorised differently due to the actual landing weight? i.e An aircraft has a maximum landing weight of 2000 kgs, and because of that has an Threshold IAS of 115 kts. But this procedure is being perfomed with 1250 kgs, therefore it would require a lower Threshold speed, fit in a different category.

Answer 14

Negative, the Threshold IAS is determined by the manufacture, and it is fixed. Unless the State allow an operator to change it.

Question 15

What is the flight level separaton in the RVSM space?

Answer 15

1000 ft

Question 16

Wich flight levels delimit the RVSM space?

Answer 16

From F290 up to F410

Question 17

What are the reasons that may couse the RVSM space to be suspended?

Answer 17

By ATC determination or medium and severe turbulence situatons

Question 18

Name two benefits of the RVSM implementation?

Answer 18

Doble the space capacity
Allow aircrafts to fly in their optimum flight levels
More efficient fuel consumption, therefore it causes a cost reduction

Question 19

Whats are the international RVSM legislation documents?

Answer 19

ICAO Doc 9574: RVSM implementation manual (Bible)
ICAO Doc 7030: Regional operation in the RVSM space
ICAO Doc 9536: RVSM debates conclusions about the RVSM space
Jeppensen Manual: about RVSM operation

Question 20

Whats are the Brazilian RVSM legislation documents?

Answer 20

IS-91-005: RVSM implementation in Brazil
RBAC 119: RVSM Certification
IAC 3508
AIP Brazil

Question 21

Whats is LOA, emitted by ANAC?

Answer 21

Letter of Authorization (LOA), is the ANAC certificate that allows operator to fly in the RVSM space

Question 22

What are the RVSM entry requirements?

Answer 22

2 independent altimeters
Transponder mode C or S
Altitude control system
Altitude alert system

Question 23

What are overshoot and undershoot in fliht level changes in the RVSM space?

Answer 23

Overshoot: is the maximum variataion allowed when an aircraft is climbing to a upper level, and it corresponds to 150ft.
Undershoot: is the maximum variataion allowed when an aircraft is cdescending to a lower level, and it corresponds to 150ft.

Question 24

How long is the interval between altimeters cross check, and what is the maximum altimeter variation allowed among then?

Answer 24

The altimeters must be cross checked in 1 hour intervals, and the maximum variation allowed among then is 200ft.