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GCSE Computer Science > Output Devices > Flashcards

Output Devices Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an output device?

A

Output devices are pieces of computer hardware used to communicate the results of data processing performed by a computer.

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2
Q

What is the objective of output devices?

A

to turn computer information into a human friendly/readable form.

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3
Q

How do Inkjet printers work?

A
  • Data to be printed is first sent to the printer driver
  • Printer driver puts data into a format that the printer can process
  • Printer driver checks the status of the printer (e.g. is it out of paper etc.)
  • Data is sent to the printer and is stored in a printer buffer
  • Sensor checks whether there is any paper in the paper tray
  • Sheet of paper is fed into the printer
  • When the paper is in the correct position, the print head moves over the page; the 4 ink colours are used in the correct amounts to give required colour
  • At the end of each pass, the paper is advanced to allow the next line to be printed
  • Printing process continues until the printer buffer is empty
  • Once the printer buffer is empty, the printer sends an interrupt to the processor requesting for more data to be sent
  • Whole cycle continues until the entire document has been printed
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4
Q

What are Inkjet printers commonly combined with nowadays?

A

a flatbed scanner to create an all in one solution.

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5
Q

What are some typical applications for Inkjet Printers?

A
  • Low volume printing where speed isn’t critical
  • High quality photographic documents
  • Home and small office
  • Printing on heat sensitive stationary, such as labels
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6
Q

What are some drawbacks of Inkjet Printers?

A
  • Frequent changes of ink cartridges needed for big print run
  • Can be rather noisy in operation
  • Ink is expensive
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7
Q

What is a Laser Printer?

A

Laser printers are output devices usually found in businesses and organisations.

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8
Q

What is an Inkjet Printer?

A

Inkjet printers are output devices usually used in a home or small office for low volume printing.

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9
Q

Why are Laser Printers ideal for high volume printing?

A
  • because they produce very high quality documents at fast speeds.
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10
Q

What do Laser Printers use instead of liquid ink?

A

a powdered ink/toner cartridge

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11
Q

How do Laser Printers work?

A
  • Data to be printed is first sent to the printer driver
  • Printer driver puts data into a format that the printer can process
  • Printer driver checks the status of the printer (e.g. is the printer out of toner?)
  • Data sent to printer and then stored in a printer buffer
  • Printing process starts by giving printer drum a positive charge
  • As printer drum rotates a laser beam scans across it removing the positive charge in certain areas; this leaves negatively charged areas which match the text or images to be printed
  • Printer drum is coated with positively charged toner; it only sticks to the negatively charged parts of the drum
  • Negatively charged sheet of paper is then rolled over the drum
  • Toner on the drum now sticks to the paper producing exact copy of the text and images
  • To prevent paper sticking to the drum, electric charge is removed once the page has been printed
  • Paper goes through a fuser which melts the ink making a permanent copy
  • At the very end of the printing process, a discharge lamp removes the electric charge from the drum making it ready for the next page
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12
Q

What are some typical applications for Laser Printers?

A
  • High volume printing where speed is critical
  • Shared printer for several users
  • Predominantly text based documents
  • Found in businesses and offices
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13
Q

What are some benefits of Laser Printers?

A
  • Larger ink cartridges than an inkjet printer
  • Cost per page is less than an inkjet
  • Generally very quiet in operation
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14
Q

What are some drawbacks of Laser Printers?

A

Produce particulates and ozone gas which have health issues

  • Maintenance can be costly due to fusers or large toner cartridges
  • Physically larger than an inkjet printer
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15
Q

What is a 3D Printer?

A
  • 3D printers are output devices used to create three dimensional objects from a 3D computer model.
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16
Q

What can a 3D Printer computer model be created by?

A
  • a 3D scanner, or by hand using CAD modeling software.
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17
Q

What are some typical applications of 3D Printers?

A
  • Home and commercial use
  • Prototyping parts and solutions
  • Human prosthetics
  • Medical aids
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18
Q

What are some benefits of 3D Printers?

A
  • Prototype objects can be created at a fraction of the cost of a factory
  • A variety of intricate and “impossible” objects can be printed in a variety of materials
  • Computer designs can be shared and printed by others
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19
Q

What are some drawbacks of 3D Printers?

A
  • Expensive to buy although entry models are becoming more affordable
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20
Q

What is a 2D Cutter?

A

an output device capable of cutting holes or shapes into a flat 2D surface.

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21
Q

What are some examples of 2D Cutters?

A
  • inexpensive paper/card cutting machines used by craft enthusiasts,
  • industrial models used in manufacturing to cut through metal.
22
Q

What are some typical applications of 2D Cutters?

A
  • Manufacturing (laser cutters)

- Craft projects (paper and card blade cutters)

23
Q

What are some benefits of 2D Cutters?

A
  • Fast and consistently accurate cuts can be made all day long
24
Q

What are some drawbacks of 2D Cutters?

A
  • Some industrial models can be expensive to setup and maintain
  • Output is only as good as a the computer 2D model
25
Q

What is a 3D Cutter?

A
  • A 3D cutter is similar to a 2D cutter except it is capable of rotating and cutting at many angles. This means that 3D objects can have cuts made to all of its surfaces, unlike 2D cutters that can only cut into a flat 2D surface.
26
Q

What are some typical applications of 3D Cutters?

A
  • Manufacturing
27
Q

What are some benefits of 3D Cutters?

A
  • Fast and consistently accurate cuts can be made all day long
  • All sides of an object can be cut into
28
Q

What are some drawbacks of 3D Cutters?

A
  • Can be expensive to setup and maintain

- Output is only as good as a the computer 3D model

29
Q

What are Speakers and Headphones?

A
  • Speakers and headphone are the output devices responsible for producing sounds.
  • Speakers and headphones convert digital signals into analogue sound waves that are audible to our human ear drums.
30
Q

What are some typical applications of Speakers and Headphones?

A
  • Headphones keep sound personal so as not to disturb others
  • Speakers allow for sound that can fill the room
  • Music
  • Communications (phones, tablets, laptops)
31
Q

What is an Actuator?

A
  • Actuators are the output devices responsible for creating real world movement. This could range from physically opening automatic shop doors to lowering the landing gears on a plane.
32
Q

What are Actuators often used in?

A
  • a computerised control system, acting upon a signal sent by the microprocessor.
33
Q

What are some typical applications for Actuators?

A
  • Robotics

- Control Systems

34
Q

What is a Display screen?

A
  • Display screens are amongst the most common types of output device.
35
Q

LDC Screens

A
  • millions of tiny blocks called pixels.
  • Each pixel contains a red, green and blue light filter which can be individually adjusted to create any colour when combined.
  • This is possible because the liquid crystals found in each pixel can be manipulated to allow all, some or none of the fluorescent tube back light through to the individual RGB filters at the front of the screen.
36
Q

LED Screens

A
  • LED screens work in a similar way to LCD screens but with one major difference, the light source.
  • Small LED bulbs are used to provide light to the LCD pixels, not fluorescent tubes.
  • These LED bulbs either fill the entire back of the display unit, or on thinner models are just arranged around the edges.
  • A fully back lit LED display allows for localised diming of the screen, producing deeper blacks in parts of the screen where no light is needed.
  • Edge lit LED displays allow the screens to become even thinner than standard LCD displays.
  • In some situations LED screens are more power efficient than LCD.
37
Q

LCD Projectors

A
  • The lamp light is split from white into red, green and blue using dichroic mirrors.
  • The RGB light channels are passed through separate monochrome LCD screens, one for each of the three colours.
  • The RGB light is then reassembled into a single light beam and magnified out of the projector using lenses.
  • It is the three LCD screens that therefore control how much red, green and blue is present in the final image.
38
Q

DLP Projectors

A
  • DLP projectors work in a different way to LCD projectors.
  • Most affordable DLP projectors use a fast spinning colour wheel filter to sequentially split the lamp light into red, green and blue light.
  • The projected image is created by a bank (chip) of thousands of microscopic mirrors. Each mirror represents one pixel.
  • These tiny mirrors are carefully in sync with the colour wheel, turning towards or away from the RGB light as and when it is needed, thousands of times per second. So, if part of the projected image requires no red light, they face away from the light when the colour wheel filter is allowing red light through.
  • The reflected image from the mirrors is then magnified out of the projector using lenses.
39
Q

What are the two types of inkjet printers?

A
  • Thermal Bubble

- Piezoelectric Crystal

40
Q

Benefits of Thermal Bubble?

A
  • Less expensive technology than piezoelectric

- Possible to use more print nozzles

41
Q

Drawbacks of Thermal Bubble?

A
  • Produces larger droplet sizes
  • Only certain inks can be used because of the high heat
  • More maintenance needed because of the high temperatures involved
42
Q

Benefits of Piezoelectric Crystal?

A
  • Very precise ink drop sizes can be produced
  • Wide range of ink types can be used
  • Can produce very small ink droplets
  • Can run for longer since less heat generated
43
Q

Drawbacks of Piezoelectric Crystal?

A
  • More expensive technology than thermal bubble

- Can use fewer print heads

44
Q

Printer Buffer definition?

A
  • Temporary memory which stores data until it is ready to be used (in this case, to be printed)
  • This allows the processor to carry out other tasks whilst the relatively slow printing process can carry on in the background
45
Q

Printer Drivers definition?

A
  • Software that converts the data to be printed in a form specific to a given printer
  • Their purpose is to allow applications to carry out the print job without needing to be aware of the specific format details of the printer being used
46
Q

Benefits of Dot Matrix Printers?

A
  • Not affected as much by dirty or damp atmospheres
  • Inexpensive to run
  • Can produce multi-part printing
  • Can be left alone due to fan-folded paper supply
47
Q

Drawbacks of Dot Matrix Printers?

A
  • Poor print quality
  • Expensive to buy in the first place
  • Very noisy and very slow at printing
  • Difficult to produce colour printouts of any quality
48
Q

Benefits of Inkjet Printers?

A
  • Inexpensive to buy
  • Can print on many media types such as photo paper, T-shirts, CDs
  • Less reliable than a laser printer
49
Q

Additive Manufacturing

A
  • Builds up an object layer by layer
50
Q

Subtractive Manufacturing

A
  • Where an object is made by removing material (such as a sculptor or a lathe)

GCSE Computer Science (36 decks)

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