Outline The Major Components Of The Nervous Sytem And How They Are Organised

Question 1

What are the two components of the nervous system?

Answer 1

1. Peripheral
2. Central nervous system

Question 2

What are the two components of the peripheral nervous system? What do they do?

Answer 2

1. Autonomic - controls self regulated action of internal organs and glands
2. Somatic - responsible for carrying motor and sensory info both to and from the central nervous system

Question 3

What are the two components of the autonomic system?

Answer 3

1. Sympathetic
2. Parasympathetic

Question 4

What are the two components of the somatic system?

Answer 4

1. Sensory input
2. Motor output (controls skeletal muscles)

Question 5

What is a neurons?

Answer 5

Basic functional unit of the nervous system.

Question 6

What is a neuroglia? Give an example

Answer 6

Helps protect neurons and promotes their function.
Oligodendrocytes form and maintain myelin

Question 7

What are the different cells that myelinated axons in CNS and PNS?

Answer 7

CNS - oligodendrocytes
PNS - Schwann cells

Question 8

What are the two types of sensory neurons structures?

Answer 8

1. Pseudo unipolar - the cell body is extended of the middle of the axon
2. Bipolar - the cell body is in the middle of the axon

Question 9

Explain the steps of action potential? Start with a stimulus being recieved.

Answer 9

1. Stimulus recieved
2. Stimulus changes voltage such that the threshold is met
3. Opening of voltage gated sodium channels
4. Sodium moves into cells
5. Inside of cells becomes more positive (depolarisation)
6. Change in voltage triggers opening of voltage gated potassium channels
7. Potassium leaves the cell
8. Inside of cells becomes more negative (repolarisation)
9. Return to resting membrane potential

Question 10

Where does synaptic transmission occur?

Answer 10

Between the presynaptic neurone at the end of the axon terminal, to the post synaptic neurone at the dendrites