Outflow Obstruction

Question 1

What is aortic or pulmonary stenosis?

Answer 1

valve leaflet partial fusion

• often coexists with coarctation of the aorta +/- mitral valve stenosis

Question 2

Symptoms of aortic/pulmonary stenosis?

Answer 2

Aortic Stenosis = carotid thrill

o Pulmonary Stenosis = no carotid thrill, harsh heart murmur at left sternal edge, no other symptoms

Question 3

Management of aortic and pulmonary stenosis?

Answer 3

transcatheter = balloon dilatation

Question 4

What is the coarctation of the aorta?

What are some signs and symptoms?

Answer 4

birth defect in which a part of the aorta is narrower than usual.

asymptomatic, OR: NO CYANOSIS

ESM

High BP in arms, low BP in legs

3rd day of life -> a few weeks of life

Question 5

Investigations for coarctation of the aorta?

Answer 5

Echocardiography

MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography)

Question 6

Management of the coarctation of the aorta?

Answer 6

Sick infant -> follow ABC and prostaglandin infusion guidelines

o Well child -> surgical repair OR balloon angioplasty ± stenting

Question 7

What is hypoplastic left-heart syndrome?

Answer 7

Worst of the left outflow presentation

Where the left side of the heart is severely underdeveloped

Question 8

How to manage hypo plastic left heart syndrome?

Answer 8

1st ABC and prostaglandins

2 - shunt - artificial ductus arteriosus