outdoor practicals

Question 1

what are the two life forms of mosses?

Answer 1

acrocarpous and pleurocarpous (several capsules on each stem)

Question 2

what causes ash dieback disease?

Answer 2

Hymenoscyphus fraxineus

Question 3

how does Microbotryum violaceum as a parasite?

Answer 3

hijacks silene dioicas reproductive system

Question 4

ergot (clavicles purpurea)

Answer 4

parasitic fungi which attacks grasses like Arrhenatherum and Dactylis glomerata

Question 5

Arrhenatherum Elativs

Answer 5

a common grass and an indicator of disturbance

Question 6

Rhytidiadelphus squarosus

Answer 6

nuisance to gardeners and golf courses

Question 7

epiphytic mosses and some examples.

Answer 7

An epiphytic moss is any moss that grows on another plant but not as a parasite.

• Orthotricum affine
• Cryphaea heteromalla

Question 8

gemmae

Answer 8

asexual propagules

Question 9

Thalose liverworts (complex)

Answer 9

• Conocephalum conicum
• Marchantia polymorpha

Question 10

Thalose liverworts (simple)

Answer 10

Pellia endiviifolia

Question 11

what are the two types of fungi mentioned?

Answer 11

basidiomycetes - mushrooms, rusts,smuts

ascomycetes - neurospora, yeast, sac fungi

Question 12

three types of wood rotters

Answer 12

1. Ganoderma applanatum (artists fungi)
2. Trametes versicolor
3. Bjerkandera adusta (grey underside)

Question 13

what is the ectomycorrhizal partner with magus sylvatica (beech)?

Answer 13

Paxilus involutus

Question 14

what is a typical acid hillside plant relationship?

Answer 14

The grass Deschampsia flexuosa and the moss Plagiothecium undulatum are typical in this
community

Question 15

what indicator species of andesite are present in Blackford hill?

Answer 15

1. Brachypodium sylvaticum
2. Clinopodium vulgare
3. Circaea luthetiana
4. Porella platyphylla

Question 16

what is an indicator of base rich soil?

Answer 16

Viburnum opulus

Question 17

what is alternation of generations?

Answer 17

there is a haploid (gametophyte) stage and a diploid (sporophyte) stage.

Question 18

what fern is found a by a stream?

Answer 18

lady fern (Athyrium filix-femina)

Question 19

what is apomixis?

Answer 19

bypasses the need for sexual reproduction - basically is asexual reproduction.

Question 20

latin name for brambles

Answer 20

rubs fruticosus

Question 21

ranunculus repens
-habitat
-shape of leaf
-photosynthetic tissue
-gas exchange
-surface to volume ratio

Answer 21

• terrestrial
  -bladelike
  -mesophyll between the upper and lower epidermis
  -through stomata
  -low SA:V

Question 22

ranunculus aquitilis
-habitat
-shape of leaf
-photosynthetic tissue
-gas exchange
-surface to volume ratio

Answer 22

-submerged in fast flowing streams
-thread like leaves and flexible
- mesophyll all the way round the vein in submerged leaves
-leaves lack stomata and cuticle. gas exchange takes place through epidermis.
-increased SA:V

Question 23

what were the first land plants?

Answer 23

bryophytes

Question 24

poisonous plant examples

Answer 24

Solanum dulcamara (poisonous red berries) and Laburnum anagyroides (a tree)

Question 25

example of an invasive species (clue - Himalayan balsam)

Answer 25

latin name - impatiens glandulifera

Question 26

what is the fungus that makes rust on butterbur (Petasites hybridus)?

Answer 26

Coleosporium tussilaginis

Question 27

what plant killed socrates?

Answer 27

Conium maculatum (hemlock)

Question 28

wild cherry latin name

Answer 28

prunus avid

Question 29

elm latin name

Answer 29

ulmus glabra

Question 30

burdock latin name

Answer 30

arctium sp

Question 31

what are the red balls that can be found on Acer campestre

Answer 31

mite balls

Question 32

latin name for lime tree seen in video.

Answer 32

Tilia x europaea

Question 33

soft rush latin name

Answer 33

Juncus effusus

Question 34

wood rush latin name

Answer 34

Luzula sylvatica

Question 35

Timothy grass latin name

Answer 35

Phleum pratense

Question 36

what is Lolium perenne an indicator of?

Answer 36

nutrient enrichment.

Question 37

cross wort latin name

Answer 37

Cruciata laevipes

Question 38

lady’s bedstraw latin name

Answer 38

Galium verum

Question 39

use of Valeriana officinalis

Answer 39

sleeping and calming.

Question 39

use of Hypericum perforatum

Answer 39

antidepressant

Question 40

what is a biennial plant

Answer 40

grow roots, stems and leaves in year 1; flower, set seed and die in year 2

Question 41

halophytes

Answer 41

salt tolerant plants