Outdoor Ed Flashcards
1
Q
What is hyperthermia?
A
Hypothermia is an elevated body temp around 38.5 degrees
-heat induced illness
2
Q
What are the signs of hyperthermia?
A
- flushed
- rapid pulse
- nausea
- fainting/ dizziness/ confusion
- headache
3
Q
What are the treatments for hyperthermia?
A
- shade
- sit/ lie down
- remove excess clothing
- sponge with cold water
- drink water
4
Q
What is hypothermia?
A
The core body temp drops below 35 degrees
5
Q
What is the degrees for mild hypothermia?
A
33-35 degrees is treatable
6
Q
What is the temp for severe hypothermia?
A
Increased risk of death below 32 degrees
7
Q
What temp is hypothermia life threatening?
A
Below 28 degrees
8
Q
What are the signs of hypothermia?
A
- shivering
- pale
- goosebumps
- loss of control over fine motor skills
- loss of concentration
- difficulty breathing
- drowsiness
- slurred speech
9
Q
What is the treatment for hypothermia?
A
- warm environment
- warm drink
- body warmth from companion
- curl patient in ball
10
Q
What shouldn’t you do if a patient has hypothermia?
A
- don’t give them alcohol, caffeine, energy drinks
- don’t rub limbs
11
Q
What is a burrito wrap made of to help hypothermia?
A
- waterproof outer layer tarp etc.
- sleeping pads (insulation from ground)
- 3 sleeping bags
- head covering
- water bottles
12
Q
What do you do if bitten by a snake?
A
- get away and remember what it looks like
- call 000
- stay calm
- apply pressure bandage to site and wrap up
- if not on limbs apply pressure to site
13
Q
What are the signs of a possible snake bite?
A
- dizziness
- fainting
- nausea
- fever
- blurriness
14
Q
What is the treatment for stings and bites?
A
- scrape off the sting
- raise affected area
- apply ice
- if pain continues call 000
15
Q
What causes a burn?
A
Caused by dry heat
16
Q
What is are examples of dry heat?
A
- fire
- hot objects
- electricity
17
Q
What are scalds caused by?
A
Wet heat
18
Q
What are examples of wet heat?
A
Hot liquids, steam
19
Q
What will you see when burnt or scalded?
A
Redness, swelling, blisters
20
Q
What is the treatment of burns and scalds?
A
- cold running waters for 10mins
- apply dressing
21
Q
Treatment for blisters that have not popped?
A
- try not to pop
- leave uncovered or cover loosely with bandage
- try not to apply pressure on area
- cut donut shape foam
22
Q
Treatment for blisters that have popped
A
- wash area with warm water
- smooth down skin flap
- apply antibiotic ointment
- cover the area loosely with bandage or gauze
23
Q
What is the ratio of breaths to compressions?
A
30 compressions to 2 breaths
24
Q
How far down should the compressions be on the chest?
A
1/3 of the chest
25
How many compressions per minute?
100 per min
26
What does DRSABCD stand for?
- Danger
- Response
- Send for Help
- Airways
- Breathing
- CPR
- Defibrillator
27
What does RICER stand for?
- REST
- ICE
- COMPRESSION
- ELEVATION
- REFERAL
28
What does COWS stand for?
- Can you hear me?
- Open your eyes
- What's your name?
- Squeeze my hands
29
What are the ten parts of a trangia?
- frypan/ lid
- spondonicles
- lower windshield
- upper windshield
- big/ small pot
- fuel lid
- simmering ring
- fuel canister
- strap
30
What area should you set up a trangia?
Firm, flat ground not near any tents
31
Where should the fuel bottle be when using the trangia?
The fuel bottle should be far away from trangia
32
Why must you not throw metho on the ground?
It is extremely flammable
33
What are some important safety to follow when using a trangia?
- never leave stove unattended
- remove spondonicles when pan is on burner
- don't touch the burner
- don't refill burner while it's lit
- place burner downhill from tents
34
Why do we layer clothes?
- protect from wind and rain
- ensures maximum insulation
- wicks away moisture from skin
- retains breathability
35
What are the 3 layers?
- base layer
- mid layer
- outer layer
36
Where is the base layer worn?
Next to the skin
37
What is the base layer usually made of?
Merino wool or polypropelene
38
What does the base layer do?
Wicks away moisture/ sweat
39
What fabric must you avoid for the base layer?
Cotton
40
What is the main purpose of the mid layer?
Insulation
41
Wear is the mid layer worn and why?
Over the base layer to trap heat
42
What is used for the mid layer?
Polarfleece or softshell
43
What is the mid layer used for?
Helps draw moisture from the base layer
44
What is used for the outer layer?
A lightweight, packable jacket
45
What is an example of an item worn on the outer layer?
Gore-tex
46
What is the purpose of the outer layer?
Protects against wind/ rain and allows sweat vapour to pass through
47
What type fabric for socks is preferred?
Wool
48
What are hiking boots usually made out of?
Lather, gore-tex, synthetics
49
What are fins used for?
-propulsion with minimal effort
50
What are the two types of fins?
Full foot and open heeled
51
What are full foot fins used for?
Surface swimming
52
What are open heeled fins used for?
Diving
53
What do wetsuits do?
Provide insulation through suit material
54
What are the benefits of using a wetsuit?
- prevent/ minimises chances of hypothermia
- sun protection and limited physical protection
- helps keep you buoyant
55
What is the maintenance for a wetsuit?
- wash everything
- dry in shade
- store away from sunlight
56
What are the two ways you can equalise?
- hold nose and blow gently
| - or hold nose and swallow
57
What should you hear when you equalise?
A crunching sound
58
What is negative buoyancy?
Objects that sink immediately
59
What is positive buoyancy?
Positive objects float away easily
60
What is neutral buoyancy?
Neutral objects are are ones which neither float nor sink but remain suspended in the water
61
What are the safety tips when snorkelling?
- know the equipment and how to use it
- snorkel with a buddy
- be aware of distance from the shore, potential currents and dangers
62
What colour is the Alfa flag or international dive flag?
Blue and white
63
What does the international dive flag mean?
That there is a diver underwater and to keep clear at a slow speed
64
What keeps you warm when wearing a wetsuit?
A thin layer of water is trapped between the wetsuit and skin and this waters is heated by the body.
65
What are waves formed by?
Waves are formed by the wind blowing across the surface of the ocean
66
What determines the size of a wave?
- the intensity of the wind
- the length of time the wind blows
- the distance the wind blows
67
What is the highest point of the wave called?
The crest
68
What's the lowest point of the wave called?
The trough
69
What's the front of the wave called?
The face
70
What's the part of the wave called where it begins to break?
The lip
71
What are the three types of waves?
Plunging, spilling, surging
72
What is the most dangerous type of wave?
Surging waves
73
What is the hand signal for are you ok? (Underwater)
👌🏻
74
What is the reply if you are ok (underwater)
A circle with your hand
75
What is are you ok? (On surface)
Circle with both arms over your head
76
What is the reply to are you ok? ( on the surface)
Circle with one arm touching head
77
What is the signal for help emergency?
Wave arm
78
What is a plunging wave?
break with tremendous force, they can easily throw a swimmer to the floor. They usually break in shallow water
79
What is the ideal wave for surfing?
Spilling waves
80
What is a spilling wave?
Spilling wave occur when the crest of the wave tumbles down the face. Generally the safest waves for surfing.
81
What is a surging wave?
Surging waves may never break as they approach the shore. These are generally against rock ledges and don't gain or lose height. They can knock people off their feet and carry them to deep waters so they are the most dangerous wave
82
What is a rip?
A body of water moving out to sea
83
What are the signs of a rip?
- discoloured brown water
- foam on the surface
- floating debris
- waves breaking on either side of the rip
- a rippled affect where the surrounding water is generally calm
84
What are the four types of rips?
- permanent
- fixed
- flash
- travelling
85
What is a permanent rip?
A permanent rip will remain in the same area for months or years
86
What is a fixed rip?
Accompanied by a hole or gully on the ocean floor, may remain for hours or months
87
What is a flash rip?
Temporary in nature. They appear suddenly without warning
88
What is a travelling rip?
Is propelled along the beach by a strong current
89
How do you get out of a rip?
- don't panic
- string swimmers swim at a 45 degree angle
- if a poorer or tired swimmer ride the rip out then swim parallel to the beach (30-40m)
90
What is a spring tide?
When the moon is new or full. They produce specially strong and very low/high tides
91
What is a Neap tide?
Neap tides are especially weak. They occur when the gravitational forces of the moon and sun are perpendicular.
92
Is a neap tide strong or weak?
Weak
93
Is a spring tide strong or weak?
Strong
94
What is a king tide?
An especially high tide. They may occur twice a year
95
When is the best time to snorkel?
In high slack time on a cloudless day where the sun is out
96
What is a tide?
The alternate rise and fall in sea levels with respect to the land, produced by the gravitational attraction of the moon and sun
97
How many high and low tide safe experienced in a 24hr period?
Two high tides, two low tides
98
The lines that run north to south on a topographical map are known as?
Eastings
99
The lines on a topographical map that run eats to sets are known as?
Northings
100
Do you give reference to the eastings or northings first?
Eastings
