Outdoor Ed

Question 1

Hypothermia

Answer 1

A dangerous condition in which the core body temperature drops below 35C

Question 2

Biodiversity

Answer 2

The variety of all life forms, the different plants, animals, and microorganism, the genes they contain; and the ecosystems of which they form part

Question 3

Community

Answer 3

A group of interdependent plants and animals inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other

Question 4

What are the four types of heat loss

Answer 4

Conduction
Convection
Evaporation
Radiation

Question 5

Conduction

Answer 5

Heat passes out of the body directly onto a cooler object, such as the ground an injured person is lying on

Question 6

Convection

Answer 6

Heat rises away from the body into the air. Clothing helps prevent this eg windchill

Question 7

Evaporation

Answer 7

Heat is removed from the body as water of perspiration, evaporate and the skin dries.

Question 8

Radiation

Answer 8

Heat is given off to a cooler environment directly

Question 9

The base layer

Answer 9

Is in direct contact with the skin, for moisture management. Base layer materials do not retain moisture but transport it away from the skin
Eg thermals made from Marino wool and polypropylene

Question 10

The middle layer

Answer 10

The insulation layer. The purpose of the middle layer is to retain body heat. The best way to do this is by creating an area of dead dry air.
Eg down jackets and fleeces

Question 11

The outer layer

Answer 11

Has three main purposes, to protect from the wind, protection from moisture (rain/snow) and getting rid of body moisture
Eg Goretex and eVent

Question 12

Position as aspect

Answer 12

Climate and flora and fauna within environments can differ depending on whether they are found in a northerly or southerly direction. It is important however that they interact with each other
North- sun, warmer, soil is dryer, flora has taller trees, more growth
South- cooler, wetter, flora- lots of ferns, more moss, darker

Question 13

Geology

Answer 13

The scientific study of the origins, history and structure of the earth. The makeup of the earths appearance

Question 14

Climate

Answer 14

The prevailing weather conditions of a region. Temperature variations affect evaporation and the level of moisture in the soil. The widest range of temperatures occur in the dry regions

Question 15

First aid for hyperthermia

Answer 15

Remove wet clothing and replace with dry
If possible try and get them in a dry area as the aim is to make them as warm as possible
Give them heat packs
The first aid method is to place them in a burrito wrap/ hyperthermia wrap.
A tarp is placed on the floor and then the person is wrapped in two sleeping bags on top of the tarp. Then another tarp is place onto of the person

Question 16

Biodiversity alpine

Answer 16

• Typically vegetated by Heath, herb and grass species and sphagnum bogs
• snow gums, Baw Baw frog, Pygmy possum, bogong moths

Question 17

Human influence and threat - alpine

Answer 17

Ski resorts

Global warming

Question 18

Coastal

Answer 18

Areas linking the land and the sea

Constantly changing due to sculpting effects of the wind, rain and waves

Question 19

Distribution -coastal

Answer 19

Vic has 2000km of coastland ranging from sheltered bays to rugged eroded cliffs
Approx 123 bays inlets and estuaries which vary in size from 1 square km to 2000 square km

Question 20

Elevation and climate coastal

Answer 20

Rainfall from 700 to 1200 millimetres per year

Located in flat landscapes at low altitudes from 0-200 meters above sea level

Question 21

Biodiversity coastal

Answer 21

Orange bellied parrot

Wind, salt and natural land instability influences coastal vegetation

Question 22

Coastal human influences

Answer 22

More than 85% of Australians live less than 50kms from the coast
Threats comes from urban development and the introduction of weeds and animals which readily adapt to the environment

Question 23

Grasslands

Answer 23

Less than 10% of natural tree or shrubs cover

Ecological communities where grass species dominate the area

Question 24

Distribution grasslands

Answer 24

Prior to European settlement grasslands covers the plains between the Murray Valley and the Great Dividing range
Today grasslands are found in patches in the north and western parts of the state

Question 25

Elevation and climate grasslands

Answer 25

Grasslands are located in flat to gentle undulating lanscapaes
Found at low altitudes with low to medium rainfall 400-1000mm per year

Question 26

Biodiversity grasslands

Answer 26

Grasslands are among the most species rich plant communities in Australia
The bust stone curlew is an endangered species

Question 27

Human influence greasslands

Answer 27

The land was readily available to settlers and from this an introduction of sheep and cattle increased the degradation
Today less than 1% of Victoria’s native grassland remains intact and these areas are at risk of weed invasion and urbane development

Question 28

Wet Forrest

Answer 28

Landscapes with thick dense vegetation in areas of high rainfall
Minimal light and vegetation are at ground level

Question 29

Elevation and climate wet forest

Answer 29

Rainfall between 800-1500 mm per year

Environments are found in sheltered gullies at altitudes from 200-1200 meters above sea level

Question 30

Distribution wet forest

Answer 30

Found in the souther, central and north east regions of the state
Wilsons prom, Otway ranges, the alps

Question 31

Biodiversity wet forest

Answer 31

More species live in wet forests than any other type of ecosystem
Wet forests have high biodiversity due to the large range of habitats created in the many layers of the forest and the warm humid climate
Lee beaded possum

Question 32

Human influence and threat wet forest

Answer 32

Wet forest plant distribution can be significantly reduced following burning
Wet forests are the focus of intensive timber harvesting

Question 33

Safety

Answer 33

Good preparation and planning
Access to medical help
Complete risk assessment
Access to evacuation points and emergency contingency plans

Question 34

Sustainable interactions

Answer 34

Facilities available
Minimal impact strategies
Sensitivity to flora and fauna
Sights of cultural significance