Outcomes 1 and 2 Flashcards
Technique where vein is punctured by needle to withdraw blood or inject material
Venipuncture
Process of entering the vein in order to remove blood
Phlebotomy
Clotted specimens =
Serum
Serum will not contain ____________, since it has been converted to _________ and is part of the clot.
Fibrinogen / Fibrin
In order to form a clot, the following blood constituents are required:
Platelets, calcium, blood clotting factors, fibrinogen (a protein)
Collection tube colours that yield serum:
Red, Gold, (SST), Tiger-topped, Orange (RST)
Un-centrifuged, anticoagulated sample may also be known as:
Whole blood
A centrifuged, anti-coagulated sample will yield:
Plasma
Describe the 3 layers of a centrifuged, anticoagulated sample.
Supernatant is plasma, middle layer is buffy coat (white blood cells and platelets), precipitate is red blood cells
Plasma contains _________ since the anticoagulant prevents it from converting to ______.
Fibrinogen / Fibrin
Collection tube colours that yield plasma:
Lavender (CBC), Light Blue (Coag), Light and Dark Green (Chemistry), Grey
Anticoagulant will remove either the ______ or the _______ from the plasma.
Calcium, thrombin
Plasma or serum appears to be slightly pink to dark red. Red cells have burst. Most specimens are now unsuitable.
Hemolyzed specimen
Plasma or serum appears milky or cloudy. Caused by increase in lipid in specimen, and avoided by collecting “fasting” specimens.
Lipemia
Serum or plasma is golden or deep yellow colour, due to increase of bilirubin.
Icteric
Gauge number possible range
20 - 25 gauge
Most common gauge sizes for adult venipunctures
21 gauge (green) and 22 gauge (black)
SESD
Safety Engineered Sharp Devices
Solid colour Hemoguard lids indicate:
Fully evacuated tube (full draw)
Translucent colour Hemoguard lids indicate:
Partially evacuated tube (low draw)
Evacuated tubes volume ranges from:
1.2mL and 10mL
Well mixed, anticoagulated (EDTA), not centrifuged
Whole blood
anticoagulated and centrifuged to obtain the supernatant, which is
Plasma
Specimens allowed to clot, and centrifuged to separate the clot (cellular content) from the supernatant, which is:
Serum
Light blue tube additive
Na Citrate
Na Citrate tube colour
Light Blue
Light Green (PST) tube additive
Lithium heparin
Lithium heparin tube colour
light green (PST)
Lithium heparin tube colour
dark green
dark green tube additive
lithium heparin
sodium heparin tube colour
dark green
dark green tube additive
sodium heparin
Lavender tube additve
EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid)
EDTA tube colour
lavender
grey tube additive
Na fluoride with K oxolate
Na fluoride with K oxalate tube colour
Grey
Plain red tube
Usually no additive, sometimes clot activator, serum
usually no additive, serum
plain red tube
SST
Serum Separator Tube
Gold / SST / Red-Grey “tiger top”
barrier gel, serum
regular barrier gel
gold, sst, tiger top tube
orange/RST (Rapid separator tube)
gel barrier and thrombin to accelerate clotting, serum
barrier gel and clot accelerator
orange / rst
whole blood or blood culture recommended inversions
8
citrated plasms (Light blue - Na citrate) recommended inversions
3-4
Serum in red tube recommended inversions
0 for glass, 0-5 for plastic
serum in gold (sst) tube recommended in versions
5
heparinized plasma in green heparin tube recommended inversions
8
whole blood in lavender (EDTA) tube recommended inversions
8
oxolate/fluoride plasma in grey tubes recommended inversions
8
Order of Draw
- Blood cultures
- Light blue (Na citrate)
3a. Serum in red
b. Serum in Tiger top sst
c. serum in gold sst
4a. Heparin plasma in light green
b. Heparin plasms in dark green (lithium then sodium) - Lavender EDTA
- Grey
most desirable vein for venipuncture
median cephalic vein
second most desirable vein for venipuncture
median cubital vein
third most desirable vein to use for venipuncture
median vein
not as desirable veins to use for venipuncture
basilic vein (close to nerve and artery) and cephalic vain (small and likes to roll)
