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Advanced Therapeutcs > Outcome Measures ✅ > Flashcards

Outcome Measures ✅ Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term?

__________________: a tool used to assess a patient’s current status

A

Outcome measure

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2
Q

Outcome measures provide _________________ data

A

Baseline

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3
Q

True or false

The initial results of an outcome measure can help determine the course of treatment intervention

A

True

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4
Q

Is an outcome measure used once for the initial assessment only?

A

No

This tool may also be used routinely to determine whether the patient has demonstrated change (to track progress).

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5
Q

Outcome measures provide credible and reliable justification for treatment on an individual patient level. How do we know that it is credible and reliable for sure ?

A

Because it is based on Evidence Based Practice (EBP)

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6
Q

What are the four types of outcome measures?

A
  1. Self-report measure (subjective)
  2. Performance-based measure (objective)
  3. Observer-reported measure
  4. Clinician-reported measure
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7
Q

Self-report measures are usually in what format ?

A

Questionnaire format

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8
Q

True or false

Self-report measures capture that patient’s PREVIOUS status

A

False

CURRENT status

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9
Q

True or false

Self-report measures may capture a patient’s perception, beliefs, social factors, and/or health factors

A

True

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10
Q

The questionnaires where the patient reports on health or physical function are known as _____________________

A

Patient-reported outcomes (PRO)

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11
Q

True or false

Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) are only disease-specific.

A

False

They can be either disease-specific or generic .

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12
Q

What is the term?

______________________ : any reports of the status of a patient’s health condition that comes directly from the patient without interpretation of the patient’s response by a clinician or anyone else

A

Patient-reported outcomes (PRO)

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13
Q

True or false

PROs are subjective

A

True

(Patient-reported outcomes)

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14
Q

True or false

Performance-based measures captures a current status for the patient and it requires a patient to perform a set of movements or tasks

A

True

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15
Q

Scores for performance-based measures are based on either _______________________ or _____________________

Provide examples

A

Objective measurements (quantitative)
Ex: time to complete a task

Qualitative assessments
Ex: normal or abnormal mechanics for a given task

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16
Q

Performance-based measures tend to bring to light ________________ factors

A

Physiologic

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17
Q

Who are observer-reported measures given to ?

A

These measurements can be completed by a parent, caregiver, or someone who regularly observes the patient on a daily basis

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18
Q

True or false

Observer-reported measures are subjective

A

True

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19
Q

Clinician-reported measures are carried out by who?
What are they based on?

A

Measurements that are completed by a healthcare professional

They are based on the professional’s clinical judgment and reports on patient behaviors or signs that are observed by the professional

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20
Q

Validity
Inter-rater reliability
Responsiveness
Ceiling effect
Floor effect
Minimal important difference

Are all examples of what?

A

Psychometric properties

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21
Q

What is the term?

___________________ : how accurately the test actually measures what it is supposed to measure

A

Validity

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22
Q

What is the term?

___________________ : the consistency of the results of the measure when TWO different people are evaluating the results of the same subject

A

Inter-rater reliability

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23
Q

What is the term?

___________________ : the ability for the measure to be able to capture change in status

A

Responsiveness

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24
Q

What is the term?

___________________ : occurs when the majority of patients are able to complete the measure and score within the highest range of the measurement. The test is too easy and is not capturing their full capacity.

A

Ceiling effect

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25
Q

What is the term?

___________________ : occurs when the majority of the patients score within the lowest range of the measurement. The test is too hard and does not have enough easier items to distinguish varying level of status.

A

Floor effect

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26
Q

What is the term?

___________________ : the amount of change that is relevant from the patient’s perspective. (Clinical meaningfulness)

A

Minimal important difference

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27
Q

True or false

Intra-rater reliability is the consistency of the results of the measure when TWO different people are evaluating the results of the same subject.

A

False

That is INTER-rater reliability

INTRA-rater reliability is done with only one person evaluating the results of the same subject

28
Q

What are some outcome measures for the cervical spine?

A

Neck, disability index (NDI)
Neck pain and disability scale (NPAD)
Tragus to wall test (TWT)

29
Q

What is the most commonly used outcome measure for the cervical spine in research ?

A

Neck disability index (NDI)

30
Q

True or false

Neck disability index (NDI) has a high level of reliability and validity and has become a standard instrument for measuring self-rated disability due to neck pain

A

True

31
Q

Describe the neck disability index NDI

  • how many items
  • how much is the score for each item
  • maximum score
  • how to obtain the percentage score
  • what happens if a patient doesn’t complete a question
A

10 items that score from 0 to 5

Maximum score is 50
The obtained score is multiplied by 2 to produce a percentage score

If a question or another are not complete, the average of all the other items is then added to the completed items

32
Q

Neck disability index (NDI) interpretation

A
33
Q

True or false

The higher the NDI score = less disability

A

False

NDI score increases with increasing disability

34
Q

Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPAD)

  • how many items
  • what does it measure
  • who is it used with ?
A

20 items that measure the intensity of neck pain and related disability (neck movements)
It also measures:
- emotion and cognition
- interference with ADLs

Used with:
- cervical pain syndromes
- CHRONIC neck pain
- C1 - C2 fusion patients

(JUST READ THE REST)

35
Q

True or false

Neck pain and disability scale (NPAD) can be used for patients with acute neck pain

A

False

Chronic neck pain

36
Q

According to research, which patients can NPAD be used with?

A

Cervical pain syndromes
Chronic neck pain
C1-C2 fusion patients

37
Q

NPAD interpretation

A

Higher scores indicate greater disability

38
Q

Does NDI or NPAD involve the use of VAS scales to rate pain?

A

NPAD

39
Q

Tragus to wall test (TWT)

  • what does it objectively measure?
  • What is it a clinical indicator of?
  • Who is it usually used with?
  • Interpretation
A

It objectively measures the CERVICAL MOBILITY of an individual

It is a valid, reliable clinical indicator of FORWARD FLEXED POSTURE

Used for individuals with:
- flexed head and neck posture
- elderly
- Parkinson’s disease
- Ankylosing spondylitis

< 10 cm is normal
Large distances = worse spinal/upper cervical posture

40
Q

True or false

Tragus to wall test (TWT) measures thoracic mobility in an individual

A

False

Cervical mobility

(Occipital to wall distance OWD = thoracic mobility)

41
Q

All of these outcome measures are for what part of the spine?

A

Lumbar spine

42
Q

Is Oswestry disability index (ODI) subjective or objective

A

Subjective because it is a self-report

43
Q

Oswestry disability index (ODI) is used in what cases?

A

Acute or chronic low back pain

44
Q

What does Oswestry disability index (ODI) assess?

A

Symptoms and severity of functional low back pain and the degree to which back or leg pain impacts functional activities

45
Q

The difference between the effectiveness of Oswestry disability index (ODI) and Roland-Morris ?

A

Oswestry disability index (ODI) is more effective for PERSISTENT SEVERE disability

Roland-Morris is more effective for MILD to MODERATE disability

46
Q

True or false

Oswestry disability index (ODI) is used to assess the cervical spine

A

False

Lumbar spine

47
Q

Oswestry disability index (ODI) interpretation

A

The greater the percentage = the greater the disability

48
Q

What does Roland Morris disability questionnaire assess?

A

Self-rated physical disability caused by LBP and it is most sensitive for patients with mild to moderate disability due to acute, subacute, or chronic LBP

49
Q

What does 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12) measure?

A

Quality of life

It is a self-reported outcome measure assessing the impact of health on an individual’s everyday life

50
Q

True or false

SF-12 can be used with the general population

A

True

51
Q

True or false

SF-12 is a short form of SF-36

A

True

52
Q

What does McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) assess?

Who is it used for?

A

Assesses both quality and intensity of subjective pain

53
Q

True or false

McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ) is used for thoracic spine

A

False

For lumbar spine

54
Q

Describe McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ)

A
55
Q

Quebec back pain disability scale (QBPDS)

  • is it disease-specific or generic?
  • besides pain, what else does it take into account?
A

Condition-specific questionnaire

Takes into account:
- Functional limitations related to pain
- monitors the progress of patients
- compares evolution of LBP subjects in rehab programs

56
Q

True or false

Quebec back pain disability scale (QBPDS) is used to assess cervical pain

A

False

Lumbar

57
Q

All of the following outcome measures are used for issues with which part of the spine ?

A

Thoracic spine

58
Q

Cobb’s angle

  • what is it used for?
  • interpretation ?
A

Used to determine and track the progression of SCOLIOSIS

10 ° or more = scoliosis

59
Q

Cobb’s angle

  • what is it used for?
  • interpretation ?
A

Used to determine and track the progression of SCOLIOSIS

10 ° or more = scoliosis

60
Q

Cobb’s angle assesses which part of the spine ?

A

Thoracic spine

61
Q

Occiput to wall distance (OWD)

  • what does it test for?
  • what is the normal finding ?
  • what is an abnormal finding
  • what conditions result in an abnormal finding ?
A

Tests for thoracic kyphosis

Normally, the occiput will touch the wall and the OWD = 0

A value greater than 2 cm = abnormal

62
Q

All of the following outcome measures are regarding which part of the body?

A

Pelvis

63
Q

NDI
NPAD
TWT

Are all for?

A

Cervical spine

64
Q

ODI
Roland-Morris
SF-12
MPQ
QBPDS

Are all for?

A

Lumbar spine

65
Q

Cobb’s angle
OWD

Are both for?

A

Thoracic spine

Advanced Therapeutcs (4 decks)

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