Outcome Measures ✅ Flashcards
What is the term?
__________________: a tool used to assess a patient’s current status
Outcome measure
Outcome measures provide _________________ data
Baseline
True or false
The initial results of an outcome measure can help determine the course of treatment intervention
True
Is an outcome measure used once for the initial assessment only?
No
This tool may also be used routinely to determine whether the patient has demonstrated change (to track progress).
Outcome measures provide credible and reliable justification for treatment on an individual patient level. How do we know that it is credible and reliable for sure ?
Because it is based on Evidence Based Practice (EBP)
What are the four types of outcome measures?
- Self-report measure (subjective)
- Performance-based measure (objective)
- Observer-reported measure
- Clinician-reported measure
Self-report measures are usually in what format ?
Questionnaire format
True or false
Self-report measures capture that patient’s PREVIOUS status
False
CURRENT status
True or false
Self-report measures may capture a patient’s perception, beliefs, social factors, and/or health factors
True
The questionnaires where the patient reports on health or physical function are known as _____________________
Patient-reported outcomes (PRO)
True or false
Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) are only disease-specific.
False
They can be either disease-specific or generic .
What is the term?
______________________ : any reports of the status of a patient’s health condition that comes directly from the patient without interpretation of the patient’s response by a clinician or anyone else
Patient-reported outcomes (PRO)
True or false
PROs are subjective
True
(Patient-reported outcomes)
True or false
Performance-based measures captures a current status for the patient and it requires a patient to perform a set of movements or tasks
True
Scores for performance-based measures are based on either _______________________ or _____________________
Provide examples
Objective measurements (quantitative)
Ex: time to complete a task
Qualitative assessments
Ex: normal or abnormal mechanics for a given task
Performance-based measures tend to bring to light ________________ factors
Physiologic
Who are observer-reported measures given to ?
These measurements can be completed by a parent, caregiver, or someone who regularly observes the patient on a daily basis
True or false
Observer-reported measures are subjective
True
Clinician-reported measures are carried out by who?
What are they based on?
Measurements that are completed by a healthcare professional
They are based on the professional’s clinical judgment and reports on patient behaviors or signs that are observed by the professional
Validity
Inter-rater reliability
Responsiveness
Ceiling effect
Floor effect
Minimal important difference
Are all examples of what?
Psychometric properties
What is the term?
___________________ : how accurately the test actually measures what it is supposed to measure
Validity
What is the term?
___________________ : the consistency of the results of the measure when TWO different people are evaluating the results of the same subject
Inter-rater reliability
What is the term?
___________________ : the ability for the measure to be able to capture change in status
Responsiveness
What is the term?
___________________ : occurs when the majority of patients are able to complete the measure and score within the highest range of the measurement. The test is too easy and is not capturing their full capacity.
Ceiling effect
What is the term?
___________________ : occurs when the majority of the patients score within the lowest range of the measurement. The test is too hard and does not have enough easier items to distinguish varying level of status.
Floor effect
What is the term?
___________________ : the amount of change that is relevant from the patient’s perspective. (Clinical meaningfulness)
Minimal important difference
True or false
Intra-rater reliability is the consistency of the results of the measure when TWO different people are evaluating the results of the same subject.
False
That is INTER-rater reliability
INTRA-rater reliability is done with only one person evaluating the results of the same subject
What are some outcome measures for the cervical spine?
Neck, disability index (NDI)
Neck pain and disability scale (NPAD)
Tragus to wall test (TWT)
What is the most commonly used outcome measure for the cervical spine in research ?
Neck disability index (NDI)
True or false
Neck disability index (NDI) has a high level of reliability and validity and has become a standard instrument for measuring self-rated disability due to neck pain
True
Describe the neck disability index NDI
- how many items
- how much is the score for each item
- maximum score
- how to obtain the percentage score
- what happens if a patient doesn’t complete a question
10 items that score from 0 to 5
Maximum score is 50
The obtained score is multiplied by 2 to produce a percentage score
If a question or another are not complete, the average of all the other items is then added to the completed items
Neck disability index (NDI) interpretation
True or false
The higher the NDI score = less disability
False
NDI score increases with increasing disability
Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPAD)
- how many items
- what does it measure
- who is it used with ?
20 items that measure the intensity of neck pain and related disability (neck movements)
It also measures:
- emotion and cognition
- interference with ADLs
Used with:
- cervical pain syndromes
- CHRONIC neck pain
- C1 - C2 fusion patients
(JUST READ THE REST)
True or false
Neck pain and disability scale (NPAD) can be used for patients with acute neck pain
False
Chronic neck pain
According to research, which patients can NPAD be used with?
Cervical pain syndromes
Chronic neck pain
C1-C2 fusion patients
NPAD interpretation
Higher scores indicate greater disability
Does NDI or NPAD involve the use of VAS scales to rate pain?
NPAD
Tragus to wall test (TWT)
- what does it objectively measure?
- What is it a clinical indicator of?
- Who is it usually used with?
- Interpretation
It objectively measures the CERVICAL MOBILITY of an individual
It is a valid, reliable clinical indicator of FORWARD FLEXED POSTURE
Used for individuals with:
- flexed head and neck posture
- elderly
- Parkinson’s disease
- Ankylosing spondylitis
< 10 cm is normal
Large distances = worse spinal/upper cervical posture
True or false
Tragus to wall test (TWT) measures thoracic mobility in an individual
False
Cervical mobility
(Occipital to wall distance OWD = thoracic mobility)
All of these outcome measures are for what part of the spine?
Lumbar spine
Is Oswestry disability index (ODI) subjective or objective
Subjective because it is a self-report
Oswestry disability index (ODI) is used in what cases?
Acute or chronic low back pain
What does Oswestry disability index (ODI) assess?
Symptoms and severity of functional low back pain and the degree to which back or leg pain impacts functional activities
The difference between the effectiveness of Oswestry disability index (ODI) and Roland-Morris ?
Oswestry disability index (ODI) is more effective for PERSISTENT SEVERE disability
Roland-Morris is more effective for MILD to MODERATE disability
True or false
Oswestry disability index (ODI) is used to assess the cervical spine
False
Lumbar spine
Oswestry disability index (ODI) interpretation
The greater the percentage = the greater the disability
What does Roland Morris disability questionnaire assess?
Self-rated physical disability caused by LBP and it is most sensitive for patients with mild to moderate disability due to acute, subacute, or chronic LBP
What does 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12) measure?
Quality of life
It is a self-reported outcome measure assessing the impact of health on an individual’s everyday life
True or false
SF-12 can be used with the general population
True
True or false
SF-12 is a short form of SF-36
True
What does McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) assess?
Who is it used for?
Assesses both quality and intensity of subjective pain
True or false
McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ) is used for thoracic spine
False
For lumbar spine
Describe McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ)
Quebec back pain disability scale (QBPDS)
- is it disease-specific or generic?
- besides pain, what else does it take into account?
Condition-specific questionnaire
Takes into account:
- Functional limitations related to pain
- monitors the progress of patients
- compares evolution of LBP subjects in rehab programs
True or false
Quebec back pain disability scale (QBPDS) is used to assess cervical pain
False
Lumbar
All of the following outcome measures are used for issues with which part of the spine ?
Thoracic spine
Cobb’s angle
- what is it used for?
- interpretation ?
Used to determine and track the progression of SCOLIOSIS
10 ° or more = scoliosis
Cobb’s angle
- what is it used for?
- interpretation ?
Used to determine and track the progression of SCOLIOSIS
10 ° or more = scoliosis
Cobb’s angle assesses which part of the spine ?
Thoracic spine
Occiput to wall distance (OWD)
- what does it test for?
- what is the normal finding ?
- what is an abnormal finding
- what conditions result in an abnormal finding ?
Tests for thoracic kyphosis
Normally, the occiput will touch the wall and the OWD = 0
A value greater than 2 cm = abnormal
All of the following outcome measures are regarding which part of the body?
Pelvis
NDI
NPAD
TWT
Are all for?
Cervical spine
ODI
Roland-Morris
SF-12
MPQ
QBPDS
Are all for?
Lumbar spine
Cobb’s angle
OWD
Are both for?
Thoracic spine
