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Intro to Patient Care and Interventions > Outcome-Based Massage > Flashcards

Outcome-Based Massage Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Massage

A

A systematic treatment approach in which therapists provide massage interventions with the goal of achieving specified outcomes that are tailored to address each client’s unique needs, presenting issues, and preferences

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2
Q

What does massage include?

A

Clinical decision making, evidence based practice, and therapeutic relationship

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3
Q

Features of OBM

A

identification of patient’s impairments or goals, defining treatment outcomes, planning and appropriate delivery of intervention, selection of technique, technique modification/progression based on re-assessment and patient response

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4
Q

Therapeutic effects of Massage (local or throughout body)

A
  1. Mechanical
  2. Reflex
  3. Physiologic
  4. Psychologic
  5. Psychoneuroimmuniologic
  6. Energetic
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5
Q

Mechanical Effects

A

Due to physical movement of tissues: compression, tension(stretch), shearing, bending, twisting

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6
Q

Outcome Examples of Mechanical Effects

A

increased lymphatic return, mobilization of bronchial secretions

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7
Q

Reflex Effects

A

functional change as mediated by the nervous system

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8
Q

Outcome examples of Reflex Effects

A

sedation, arousal, facilitation of muscle contraction

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9
Q

Physiological Effects

A

any change in biochemical body processes

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10
Q

Outcome examples of physiological effects

A

remodeling of connective tissue, reduced muscle spasm

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11
Q

Psychological Effects

A

effects that impact the mind, emotion, or behavior

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12
Q

Outcome examples of psychological effects

A

improvement in social interaction, improved physical self- image

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13
Q

Psychoneuroimmunologic Effects

A

changes in psychologic state impacts hormonal and/ or immunologic function, “feelings” like relaxation can represent complex system of responses throughout the body

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14
Q

Outcome examples of psychoneuroimmunologic effects

A

decreased anxiety, increased cortisol levels, improved T-cell functioning

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15
Q

Energetic Effects

A

direct effects on biomagnetic field, possible secondary effects on body structures and functions

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16
Q

Outcome examples of energetic effects

A

improved biomagnetic field pattern, improved energy flow

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17
Q

International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health

A

Model represents individual at 3 levels ( body structures and functions, activity, participation)
Patient’s clinical situation affects all 3 levels.
Personal factors and environment factors also affect all three levels.

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18
Q

MUSCULOSKELETAL impairments amenable to treatment with massage

A

adhesions, abnormal CT, postural malalignment, trigger points

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19
Q

PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGIC impairments amenable to treatment with massage

A

stress (perceived relation, decrease levels of cortisol, epinephrine and norephinephrine)

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20
Q

MULTISYSTEM impairments amenable to treatment with massage

A

Pain (reduced pain by effecting target issue ex: trigger point)

21
Q

Activity and Participation/ Functional Outcomes

A

mobility, walking, self care, decreased need of adaptive equipment, improved safety, increased ability to participate in recreation and leisure activities

22
Q

Interpersonal and Ethical Issues for Massage

A

therapeutic relationship, client-centered care, therapeutic contact, ethical conduct in therapeutic relationship, obtaining informed consent, communicate clearly, ensure privacy and confidentiality, recognize and manage the emotional responses to massage

23
Q

Contraindications

A

large open wound, gross edema with comprised skin, marked varicosities, hyperesthesia, hemophilia, hemorrhage, metastatic cancers, sepsis, shock, severely compromised circulatory system, such as: associated with congestive heart failure, kidney failure, advanced respiratory failure, etc.

24
Q

Precautions(not exhaustive list)

A

local conditions: allergies to lubricants, acute inflammatory condition, pitting edema, fracture, kidney infection

general conditions: asthma, cancer, chronic system disease, emphysema, epilepsy, osteoporosis

25
Q

Therapeutic Massage

A

the use of manual techniques designed to promote: stress relief and relaxation, mobilize structures, relieve pain and swelling, prevent deformity, promote functional independence
* in an individual who has a specific health problem

26
Q

Massage Components

A
  1. therapist
  2. patient
  3. treatment area
  4. lubricants/ media
  5. duration and posture
    6 rate and rhythm
27
Q

Media

A

Lubricants (oil, lotion, cream, powders)
Soap and Hot water
Alcohol
Selection (desired effect, area being treated, condition of skin, personal preferences)

28
Q

Application of Media

A

apply to both hands ( warm the lubricant), warm your hand with warm water if cold, CHECK FOR ALLERGIES, apply only as needed, remove excess when treatment is completed

29
Q

Media: Things to Avoid

A

analgesic balms, lotions that absorb or evaporate too quickly, too much media

30
Q

Draping

A

expose only area treated, remove/loosen tight clothing, cover clothing adjacent to treated area, cover hair with towel

31
Q

Necessary to develop the therapeutic relationship

A

build trust, understand sensations, create healthy closure

32
Q

Observation

A

observe patient closely and modify treatment as necessary, understand signs of tension

33
Q

Essential for Effective Massage

A

Patient must be supported and muscles relaxed
Patient must be positioned to use gravity to assist circulation toward heart
Strokes must be applied and directed appropriately

34
Q

Five Basic Strokes

A

Effleurage, Petrissage, Friction, Tapotement, Vibration

35
Q

Initial Stroking

A

Application of media over the entire area to be massaged
Rate: slow and rhythmical
Effects: mechanical influence on tissues, reflexive influence on sensory system

36
Q

Effleurage: Superficial

A

Mechanical: moving blood and lymph in superficial vessels toward the heart, increased tissue mobility= promotes ROM

37
Q

Petrissage (Kneading)

A

deep kneading and squeezing of subcutaneous fascia and muscles: pressure is variable- superficial to deep, preceded and followed by effleurage
Mechanical effect applied to: reduce edema and congestion, mobilize tissues

38
Q

Therapeutic Uses

A

promote deep and superficial circulation, mobilize muscle fibers,skin, and subcutaneous tissues, assist in resolving edema, to relieve pain and muscle fatigue, promote relaxation

39
Q

Petrissage: Contraindications

A

acute status of muscle tissue or acutely inflamed joints, skin diseases,severely compromised circulatory system, damaged vessels, malignancy in or near area treated, bacterial infections in or near treatment area

40
Q

Tapotement (Percussion)

A

bricks blows applied in a rapid, alternating pace

41
Q

Types of Tapotement

A

Hacking, cupping, beating, tapping, pincement, and slapping

42
Q

Tapotement Therapeutic Uses

A

chest physical therapy (cystic fibrosis), stimulation effect, relief of neuralgia & desensitization (post amputation)

43
Q

Vibration

A

trembling/ shaking movement
loosen secretions in lungs (mechanical)
stimulation of tissues (reflex)

44
Q

Tapotement and Vibration Contraindications

A

potential to damage underlying tissues, in thoracic area with cardiac conditions, risk of pulmonary embolism, severe hypertension, flaccidity, spasticity, new scar tissue, acute conditions, malignancy or tuberculosis

45
Q

Friction

A

Purpose: massage deep into joint space, loosen scar tissue, break adhesions
Skin and superficial tissues are moved over underlying structures

46
Q

Transverse friction

A

applied at right angles to long axis fibers, application at exact location necessary, muscles relaxed, tendons taut, general pressure applied in one direction only, may be uncomfortable for patient
Therapist: precaution to prevent joint stress

47
Q

Transverse friction duration

A

5-20 minutes, may not be repeated daily but on a 2-3 times per week as tolerated

48
Q

Friction Effects

A 
increased vasodilation (reflexive)
mobilization of structures (mechanical)
painful response
49
Q

Friction Contraindications

A

acute muscle tears or acutely inflamed joints, skin diseases, damage or diseased blood vessels, malignancy or tuberculosis, increased risk of spreading bacterial infections

Intro to Patient Care and Interventions (2 decks)

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