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Anatomy And Applied Terminology > Outcome 5-Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Outcome 5-Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of bones

A

Shape
support
protection
movement
electrolyte balance
blood production
acid-base balance

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2
Q

Function of the skeletal System

A

Supporting soft tissues
protection
serve as levers to produce movement

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3
Q

Classifications of bones by shape

A

Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular bones
Sesamoid bones

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4
Q

Long bones

A

Greater in length than width
- femur
- tibula
- arm

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5
Q

Short bones

A

Acute shape, equal in length and Width
- bones in WRIST and TARSAL

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6
Q

Flat bones

A

Generally thin
- rib cage

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7
Q

Irregular bones

A

Complex shapes
-vertebrae/spine
-frontal bone/skull

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8
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

Bones in the knee
- patella

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9
Q

Parts of a long bone

A

Epiphysis
Diaphysis
Articular Cartilage
Medullary cavity
Endosteum
Periosteum

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10
Q

Epiphysis

A

End part of a long bone

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11
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of central part of a long bone

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12
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints

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13
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Centre of the bone,
Hallow part of bone that contain bone marrow

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14
Q

Endosteum

A

Lining INSIDE of the bone

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15
Q

Periosteum

A

Lining OUTSIDE of the bone

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16
Q

Three types bone cells

A

Osteoblasts- help form bone

Osteoclasts- dissolve unwanted or healthy bones

Osteocytes- mature osteoblasts that dissolve bone and deposit new bone
- contribute to bone maintenance and the regulation of calcium and phosphate in the blood

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17
Q

Compact bone locations

A

Shafts of long bones
Outer surfaces of bones

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18
Q

Cancellous (spongy) bone locations

A

Ends of long bones
Middle of most other bones

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19
Q

Compact bone anatomy

A

Osteon
Lamellae
Volkmanns canals
Lacunae
Canaliculi

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20
Q

Osteon

A

basic structural unit of bone composed of the lamellae and Haversian canal

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21
Q

Lamellae

A

compact bone in layers arranging in rings around a Haversian canal

  • blood vessels and nerves pass through the Haversian canals
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22
Q

Volkmann’s canals

A

Horizontal/transverse passageways that connect the Haversian canals
- transports blood and nutrients from the bones exterior to the oseocytes

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23
Q

Lacunae

A

Moon shaped
Gaps between the rings of the lamellae that contains osteocytes

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24
Q

Canaliculi

A

Microscopic passageways that connect the lamellae to each other

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25
What is Endochondral ossification?
The process of cartilage turning to bone during fetal development
26
Where does bone lengthening occur?
Epiphyseal plate
27
Epiphyseal line
A line of spongy bone where the epiphyseal plate ‘closes’ and bone growth stops When we grow to our maximum length
28
Three main parts of a Joint
Fibrous joints (synarthroses) - not movable - connects bone with dense fibrous connect tissue Ex: Skull Cartilaginous joints (amphiarthroses) -slightly movable - unite bones cartilage Ex: Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis Synovial joints (diarthroses) - freely movable -mostly found in limbs Ex: Elbow, Hip joint
29
Synovial joint structure
Joint capsule Synovial membrane; linking the synovial fluid Joint cavity; little space Articular cartilage; end of the bone Ligaments
30
Types of Synovial joints
Ball-and-socket;( when we throw the ball we move our shoulder) Humerus, scapula Pivot; Atlas top vertebra, Axis second vertebra Hinge; Humerus, Radius, Ulna Condyloid; Radius, scaphoid Saddle; first metacarpal of thumb, trapezium Gliding joint; Tarsal metatarsals
31
Flexion Extension Hypertension
Involves bending a joint - increasing - decreasing - extreme extension
32
Abduction
Movement of body part AWAY from the midline
33
Adduction
Movement of body part TOWARDS the midline
34
Circumduction
Distal end of an appendage such as the arm or leg moving in CIRCLES
35
Internal rotation
When a bone spins towards the body’s midline Ex: turning your foot towards the body’s midline
36
External rotation
When a bone spins away from the body’s midline Ex: turning your foot away from the midline
37
Dorsiflexion
Involves moving the toes or foot UPWARDS
38
Supination
Movement that turns the palm upwards
39
Pronation
Movement that turns the palm downward
40
Inversion
A foot movement that turns the sole medially, towards the other foot
41
Eversion
A foot movement that turns the sole laterally, away from the other foot
42
Protraction
Moves a part for naw part forward
43
Retraction
Moves a part backwards
44
Planter flexion
Involved moving the toes or foot DOWNWARD
45
Axial skeleton
Central, Supporting axis Made up of bones in your head, neck, back and chest
46
Appendicular skeleton
Bones of the limbs, pelvic, and shoulder areas Made up of everything else, the bones that attach to your axial skeleton like your pelvis, limbs, arms, hands, legs, feet
47
8 bones of the cranium/skull
Parietal bone (x2) Occipital bone Temporal bones (x2) Frontal bone Ethmoid bone Sphenoid bone
48
Parietal bones
Both Left and right Top and sides of the cranium
49
Occipital bone
Posterior bone/rear of the skull
50
Temporal bones
Both left and right At the sides of your skull
51
Frontal bone
Forms the forehead and the root of the eye sockets
52
Ethmoid bone
Walls of the eye sockets(orbit) the upper part of the nose and walls of the nasal cavity
53
Sphenoid bone
Key part of the cranial floor as well as the floor and sides of the eye socket
54
Hyoid bone
the only bone that does not connect to another bone Attachment point for the muscles of the tongue mandible and larynx
55
Face bones
Maxilla- upper jaw Mandible- lower jaw Zygomatic bones- cheeks
56
Auditory ossicles + the order
MIS 1. Malleus(hammer) attached to the ear drum 2. Incus(anvil) in the middle of the chain of bones 3. Stapes(stirrup) attached to the membrane-covered opening that connects the middle ear with the inner bone(oval window)
57
Paranasal sinuses
All come in pairs: Sphenoid Frontal Ethmoid Maxillary
58
Vertebral column
Cervical- 7 Thoracic- 12 Lumbar-5 Sacrum-5 (fused) Coccyx-4 (fused)
59
T/F Ribs attach directly to the sternum using costal cartilage
True
60
T/F Ribs attach to the cartilage of rib 7
False
61
Acromian process
The extension that articulates (joins) with the clavicle
62
Caracoid process
Point of attachment for some of the arm muscles
63
Glenoid cavity
Shallow socket that articulates with the head of the humerus
64
Three main features of the Scapula
Acromion process Coracoid process Glenoid cavity
65
What does the Humerus consists of?
•Humeral Head- enlarged end that joins the scapula •Okecranon fossa- depression on the posterior side
66
Ulna
Side on the pinky •Olecranon process- proximal end of the ulna - the bony part of the elbow that slides into the olecranon fossa when the arm is extended
67
Radius
Found on the same side of the arm as the thumb •Proximal radial head- disk that rotates on the humerus when you turn your hand •Radial tuberosity- point of attachment for the biceps muscle •Styloid process- the bumps at the bottom of the radius and the ulna at the wrist
68
Wrist/hand bones
Carpals- bones of the wrist Metacarpals- bones of the hands Phalanges- bones of the fingers/thumb
69
Pelvic girdle (3 bones)
(Three bones fused together) Ilium Ishium Pubis
70
Features/landmarks
•Iliac crest- the upper, outer edge of the ilum •Acetabulum- the depression that holds the femur (forming the hip socket) •Ischial tuberosity- the bottom of the pelvis that supports your body when sitting
71
What does the Femur consist of?
The longest and strongest bone •Head- the rounded portion that fits into the acetabulum •Neck- top portion below the head •Greater and Lesser trochanters- bony projections where muscles attach •Medial and Lateral Epicondyle- widest point at the knee
72
Parts of the Lower leg bones
•Fibula - smaller bone on the outside that helps stabilize •Tibia- larger bone that bears the weight
73
Bones of the ankle/foot
Tarsal- bones of the ankle Metatarsals- bones of the foot Phalanges- bones of the toes

Anatomy And Applied Terminology (1 decks)

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