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Anatomy And Applied Terminology > Outcome 5-Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Outcome 5-Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of bones

A

Shape
support
protection
movement
electrolyte balance
blood production
acid-base balance

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2
Q

Function of the skeletal System

A

Supporting soft tissues
protection
serve as levers to produce movement

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3
Q

Classifications of bones by shape

A

Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular bones
Sesamoid bones

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4
Q

Long bones

A

Greater in length than width
- femur
- tibula
- arm

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5
Q

Short bones

A

Acute shape, equal in length and Width
- bones in WRIST and TARSAL

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6
Q

Flat bones

A

Generally thin
- rib cage

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7
Q

Irregular bones

A

Complex shapes
-vertebrae/spine
-frontal bone/skull

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8
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

Bones in the knee
- patella

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9
Q

Parts of a long bone

A

Epiphysis
Diaphysis
Articular Cartilage
Medullary cavity
Endosteum
Periosteum

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10
Q

Epiphysis

A

End part of a long bone

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11
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of central part of a long bone

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12
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints

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13
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Centre of the bone,
Hallow part of bone that contain bone marrow

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14
Q

Endosteum

A

Lining INSIDE of the bone

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15
Q

Periosteum

A

Lining OUTSIDE of the bone

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16
Q

Three types bone cells

A

Osteoblasts- help form bone

Osteoclasts- dissolve unwanted or healthy bones

Osteocytes- mature osteoblasts that dissolve bone and deposit new bone
- contribute to bone maintenance and the regulation of calcium and phosphate in the blood

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17
Q

Compact bone locations

A

Shafts of long bones
Outer surfaces of bones

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18
Q

Cancellous (spongy) bone locations

A

Ends of long bones
Middle of most other bones

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19
Q

Compact bone anatomy

A

Osteon
Lamellae
Volkmanns canals
Lacunae
Canaliculi

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20
Q

Osteon

A

basic structural unit of bone composed of the lamellae and Haversian canal

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21
Q

Lamellae

A

compact bone in layers arranging in rings around a Haversian canal

  • blood vessels and nerves pass through the Haversian canals
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22
Q

Volkmann’s canals

A

Horizontal/transverse passageways that connect the Haversian canals
- transports blood and nutrients from the bones exterior to the oseocytes

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23
Q

Lacunae

A

Moon shaped
Gaps between the rings of the lamellae that contains osteocytes

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24
Q

Canaliculi

A

Microscopic passageways that connect the lamellae to each other

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25
Q

What is Endochondral ossification?

A

The process of cartilage turning to bone during fetal development

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26
Q

Where does bone lengthening occur?

A

Epiphyseal plate

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27
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

A line of spongy bone where the epiphyseal plate ‘closes’ and bone growth stops

When we grow to our maximum length

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28
Q

Three main parts of a Joint

A

Fibrous joints (synarthroses)
- not movable
- connects bone with dense fibrous connect tissue
Ex: Skull

Cartilaginous joints (amphiarthroses)
-slightly movable
- unite bones cartilage
Ex: Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

Synovial joints (diarthroses)
- freely movable
-mostly found in limbs
Ex: Elbow, Hip joint

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29
Q

Synovial joint structure

A

Joint capsule
Synovial membrane; linking the synovial fluid
Joint cavity; little space
Articular cartilage; end of the bone
Ligaments

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30
Q

Types of Synovial joints

A

Ball-and-socket;( when we throw the ball we move our shoulder)
Humerus, scapula

Pivot; Atlas top vertebra, Axis second vertebra

Hinge; Humerus, Radius, Ulna

Condyloid; Radius, scaphoid

Saddle; first metacarpal of thumb, trapezium

Gliding joint; Tarsal metatarsals

31
Q

Flexion
Extension
Hypertension

A

Involves bending a joint
- increasing
- decreasing
- extreme extension

32
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of body part AWAY from the midline

33
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of body part TOWARDS the midline

34
Q

Circumduction

A

Distal end of an appendage such as the arm or leg moving in CIRCLES

35
Q

Internal rotation

A

When a bone spins towards the body’s midline
Ex: turning your foot towards the body’s midline

36
Q

External rotation

A

When a bone spins away from the body’s midline
Ex: turning your foot away from the midline

37
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Involves moving the toes or foot UPWARDS

38
Q

Supination

A

Movement that turns the palm upwards

39
Q

Pronation

A

Movement that turns the palm downward

40
Q

Inversion

A

A foot movement that turns the sole medially, towards the other foot

41
Q

Eversion

A

A foot movement that turns the sole laterally, away from the other foot

42
Q

Protraction

A

Moves a part for naw part forward

43
Q

Retraction

A

Moves a part backwards

44
Q

Planter flexion

A

Involved moving the toes or foot DOWNWARD

45
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Central, Supporting axis
Made up of bones in your head, neck, back and chest

46
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Bones of the limbs, pelvic, and shoulder areas
Made up of everything else, the bones that attach to your axial skeleton like your pelvis, limbs, arms, hands, legs, feet

47
Q

8 bones of the cranium/skull

A

Parietal bone (x2)
Occipital bone
Temporal bones (x2)
Frontal bone
Ethmoid bone
Sphenoid bone

48
Q

Parietal bones

A

Both Left and right
Top and sides of the cranium

49
Q

Occipital bone

A

Posterior bone/rear of the skull

50
Q

Temporal bones

A

Both left and right
At the sides of your skull

51
Q

Frontal bone

A

Forms the forehead and the root of the eye sockets

52
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

Walls of the eye sockets(orbit)
the upper part of the nose and walls of the nasal cavity

53
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

Key part of the cranial floor as well as the floor and sides of the eye socket

54
Q

Hyoid bone

A

the only bone that does not connect to another bone
Attachment point for the muscles of the tongue mandible and larynx

55
Q

Face bones

A

Maxilla- upper jaw
Mandible- lower jaw
Zygomatic bones- cheeks

56
Q

Auditory ossicles + the order

A

MIS

  1. Malleus(hammer) attached to the ear drum
  2. Incus(anvil) in the middle of the chain of bones
  3. Stapes(stirrup) attached to the membrane-covered opening that connects the middle ear with the inner bone(oval window)
57
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

All come in pairs:

Sphenoid
Frontal
Ethmoid
Maxillary

58
Q

Vertebral column

A

Cervical- 7
Thoracic- 12
Lumbar-5
Sacrum-5 (fused)
Coccyx-4 (fused)

59
Q

T/F Ribs attach directly to the sternum using costal cartilage

A

True

60
Q

T/F Ribs attach to the cartilage of rib 7

A

False

61
Q

Acromian process

A

The extension that articulates (joins) with the clavicle

62
Q

Caracoid process

A

Point of attachment for some of the arm muscles

63
Q

Glenoid cavity

A

Shallow socket that articulates with the head of the humerus

64
Q

Three main features of the Scapula

A

Acromion process
Coracoid process
Glenoid cavity

65
Q

What does the Humerus consists of?

A

•Humeral Head- enlarged end that joins the scapula

•Okecranon fossa- depression on the posterior side

66
Q

Ulna

A

Side on the pinky

•Olecranon process- proximal end of the ulna
- the bony part of the elbow that slides into the olecranon fossa when the arm is extended

67
Q

Radius

A

Found on the same side of the arm as the thumb

•Proximal radial head- disk that rotates on the humerus when you turn your hand

•Radial tuberosity- point of attachment for the biceps muscle

•Styloid process- the bumps at the bottom of the radius and the ulna at the wrist

68
Q

Wrist/hand bones

A

Carpals- bones of the wrist
Metacarpals- bones of the hands
Phalanges- bones of the fingers/thumb

69
Q

Pelvic girdle (3 bones)

A

(Three bones fused together)

Ilium
Ishium
Pubis

70
Q

Features/landmarks

A

•Iliac crest- the upper, outer edge of the ilum

•Acetabulum- the depression that holds the femur (forming the hip socket)

•Ischial tuberosity- the bottom of the pelvis that supports your body when sitting

71
Q

What does the Femur consist of?

A

The longest and strongest bone

•Head- the rounded portion that fits into the acetabulum

•Neck- top portion below the head

•Greater and Lesser trochanters- bony projections where muscles attach

•Medial and Lateral Epicondyle- widest point at the knee

72
Q

Parts of the Lower leg bones

A

•Fibula - smaller bone on the outside that helps stabilize

•Tibia- larger bone that bears the weight

73
Q

Bones of the ankle/foot

A

Tarsal- bones of the ankle
Metatarsals- bones of the foot
Phalanges- bones of the toes

Anatomy And Applied Terminology (1 decks)

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