outcome 2

Question 1

what are the types of computers and their uses

Answer 1

PCs and Laptops: For everyday tasks like web browsing and document editing.

Workstations: High-performance computers for technical applications.

Supercomputers: Used for complex tasks like weather forecasting.

Mobile Devices: Portable devices for communication and light computing.

Question 2

what are the key components of a motherboard

Answer 2

CPU Socket, RAM Slots (DIMM), PCI-Express Slots, Storage Connectors (SATA), and Onboard Components.

Question 3

what is the function of the cpu control unit CU

Answer 3

It directs the operations of the CPU and ensures instructions are processed correctly.

Question 4

what is the role of the ALU

Answer 4

The ALU handles mathematical calculations and logical operations.

Question 5

what is the purpose of RAM in a computer system

Answer 5

RAM provides temporary storage for programs currently in use; it is volatile, meaning data is lost when the system is powered off.

Question 6

what is the difference between DDR3 and DDR4 RAM

Answer 6

DDR4 is faster and more energy-efficient than DDR3.

Question 7

what are some common storage devices and their uses

Answer 7

HDD: High-capacity, slower storage.

SSD: Faster storage with lower capacity compared to HDDs.

Optical Drives: Read/write data from CDs, DVDs, and Blu-Ray discs.

Question 8

what is the role of a GPU and what type of memory does it uses

Answer 8

GPUs specialize in rendering graphics, and they use Video RAM (VRAM), such as GDDR5 or GDDR6.

Question 9

what are Ethernet adapters used for

Answer 9

they provide a wired connection to a network for reliable data transfer

Question 10

how is data capacity measured

Answer 10

data is measured in bits, bytes, kilobytes, gigabytes and terabytes
bytes are 8 time bigger than a bit
the rest are 1024 lots of the previous measurement

Question 11

difference between DRAM and SRAM

Answer 11

DRAM: Uses capacitance storage, needs to be refreshed often, and is slower (used for main memory).
SRAM: Uses flip-flop technology, does not need to be refreshed, and is faster (used for cache memory).

Question 12

What is ROM, and what are its different types?

Answer 12

ROM (Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile memory that retains data even without power.
Types: PROM (programmable once), EPROM (erasable via UV light), and EEPROM (erasable electrically).

Question 13

what are the types of multi-tasking in CPU operations?

Answer 13

re-emptive multitasking: Resources are shared based on agreed processes.
Cooperative multitasking: Processes voluntarily hand back control to higher-priority tasks.

Question 14

What is the purpose of a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)?

Answer 14

The GPU handles graphical output, parallel processing, and is used for tasks like video rendering, AI, and cryptocurrency mining.

Question 15

What are the main types of storage devices

Answer 15

Floppy disk, hard disk drive (HDD), solid-state drive (SSD), network-attached storage (NAS), cloud storage, USB flash drives, and optical drives.

Question 16

What is the difference between serial and parallel communication?

Answer 16

Serial communication: Sends one bit at a time (like a single-lane road).
Parallel communication: Sends multiple bits at once (like a multi-lane highway).

Question 17

What is a bottleneck in computer systems?

Answer 17

A bottleneck occurs when too much data enters one source, slowing down or making the system unresponsive.

Question 18

What are common interfaces used for data transfer?

Answer 18

SATA: Connects mass storage devices.
PCI Express: High-speed interface for devices like GPUs, SSDs, and network cards.
HDMI: Transfers audio and video in a single cable.
USB: Connects peripherals (e.g., keyboards, mice) with different speed standards (1.1, 2, 3).
DIMM: Slots where RAM is connected to the motherboard

Question 19

How is processor clock speed measured?

Answer 19

Processor clock speed is measured in Hertz (Hz), representing the number of cycles per second. For example, 4.2 GHz = 4.2 billion cycles per second.

Question 20

What is the difference between serial and parallel data transfer?

Answer 20

Serial: One bit at a time (like a single-lane road).
Parallel: Multiple bits at once (like a multi-lane highway).

Question 21

How does parity checking work?

Answer 21

Parity checking ensures data integrity during transmission by adding an extra bit to detect errors. There are two types:
Odd parity: The number of 1s in the data is made odd.
Even parity: The number of 1s in the data is made even.

Question 22

What is virtual memory, and why is it used?

Answer 22

Virtual memory allows a system to use a portion of the hard disk as extra RAM when physical RAM is exhausted. It helps avoid crashes but can lead to slower performance due to disk swapping.

Question 23

What factors can affect system performance?

Answer 23

CPU: Clock speed, number of cores, cache memory.
Memory: Available RAM, virtual memory usage.
Storage: Type and speed of hard disk, fragmentation.
Interfaces: Data throughput speeds, bus width.

Question 24

How is data written to memory?

Answer 24

Data is placed on the data bus, and the destination address is placed on the address bus. The write line is set high, prompting memory to store the data at the specified address.

Question 25

What is disk thrashing?

Answer 25

Disk thrashing occurs when the system continually swaps data between RAM and disk due to insufficient RAM, slowing down overall performance.

Question 26

What is multitasking in CPU operations?

Answer 26

Multitasking allows multiple programs to run seemingly at the same time by switching between tasks rapidly. It can be:
Pre-emptive: Processes share CPU resources based on priorities.
Cooperative: Processes voluntarily give up control to higher-priority tasks.