Outcome 1: Chapter 1- Organization and Orientation Flashcards
Define Anatomy.
ana- = up; -tomy-= process of cutting. The Science of Structure.
Define Physiology.
physio-= nature, -logy= study of. The Science of Body Functions.
Define Gross Anatomy.
Study/ examination of structures, with the naked eye
Define Microscopic Anatomy.
Study/ Examination of structures, that require a microscope.
What are the Six Levels of Structural Organization?
What does it do?
think of the BOOK
- Chemical Level= atoms combine to form molecules
- Cellular Level= built from chemical molecules
- Tissue Level= groups of cells that work together to perform a similar function
- Organ Level= structure composed of 2+ tissues, and has a distinctive shape
- System Level= several organs with similar functions
- Organismal Level= living individual with all the body parts functioning together
- Letters
- Words
- Sentences
- Paragraphs
- Chapters
- Book
What are the different body Systems?
- integumentary
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Nervous
- Endocrine
- Cardiovascular
- Lymphatic
- Respiratory
- Digestive
- Urinary
- Reproductive
What does the Integumentary System do?
- Regulates Body Temperature
- Vitamin D synthesis
- Waste elimination
- Monitors changes within the external environment
What does the Skeletal System do?
- Supports and protects the body
- Gives rise to new blood cells
- stores minerals
What does the Muscular System do?
- Body movements
- Heat Generation
What does the Nervous System do?
- Regulates body activities by detecting, interpreting, and responding to external and internal environmental changes.
What does the Endocrine System do?
- regulates body activities via hormones
-
What does the Cardiovascular System do?
- Distributes Oxygen and Nutrients to cells
- removes CO2 waste from cells
- Maintains blood pH balance (7.2)
- regulates body temperature
What does the Lymphatic System do?
- returns protein and fluids to cardiovascular system
- transports fats from the gastrointestinal to the cardiovascular system
- Immune responses aid in protection from disease
What does the Respiratory System do?
- Supplies Oxygen
- Removes Carbon dioxide
regulates Acid Base balance, produces vocal sounds
What does the Digestive System do?
- Breaks down food
- absorbs nutrients
- eliminates solid and other wastes
What does the Urinary System do?
- Regulates volume and chemical composition of blood
- Eliminates wastes, regulates fluid and electrolyte balance
- Maintains acid-base and mineral balance
- Secretes a hormone that regulates red blood cell production
What does the Reproductive System do?
- Produces gametes (which unite to produce a new organism) and hormones (which regulate some metabolic processes)
What are the Six important Life processes of Humans?
- Metabolism
- Responsiveness
- Movement
- Growth
- Differentiation
- Reproduction
Define Homeostasis.
homeo-= sameness, -stasis= staying still. Meaning to maintain a state of equilibrium.
What is a Negative feedback loop?
Provide an example:
A Response Opposite to the Stimulus.
Example:
Excessive glucose in blood will stimulate the pancreas (islets of Langerhans) to release insulin to bring it back to equilibrium. OR, if there is a deficiency of glucose (excessive insulin) in the blood he pancreas will secrete glucose to bring it back to equilibrium.
What is a Positive Feedback Loop?
Provide an Example:
The response reinforces the stimulus.
Example:
The most common example is childbirth: Oxytocin causes uterine contractions and the contractions will continue, and oxytocin will continue being secreted until the baby is born.
What is Superior?
- (Cephalic or Cranial)
- Towards the head/ upper structure
What is Inferior?
- Caudal
- Away from the head/ lower structure
What is Anterior?
- Ventral
- Nearer to front of body
