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ANPH100- Anatomy and Physiology > Outcome 1: Chapter 1- Organization and Orientation > Flashcards

Outcome 1: Chapter 1- Organization and Orientation Flashcards

1
Q

Define Anatomy.

A

ana- = up; -tomy-= process of cutting. The Science of Structure.

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2
Q

Define Physiology.

A

physio-= nature, -logy= study of. The Science of Body Functions.

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3
Q

Define Gross Anatomy.

A

Study/ examination of structures, with the naked eye

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4
Q

Define Microscopic Anatomy.

A

Study/ Examination of structures, that require a microscope.

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5
Q

What are the Six Levels of Structural Organization?
What does it do?

think of the BOOK

A
  • Chemical Level= atoms combine to form molecules
  • Cellular Level= built from chemical molecules
  • Tissue Level= groups of cells that work together to perform a similar function
  • Organ Level= structure composed of 2+ tissues, and has a distinctive shape
  • System Level= several organs with similar functions
  • Organismal Level= living individual with all the body parts functioning together
  • Letters
  • Words
  • Sentences
  • Paragraphs
  • Chapters
  • Book
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6
Q

What are the different body Systems?

A
  1. integumentary
  2. Skeletal
  3. Muscular
  4. Nervous
  5. Endocrine
  6. Cardiovascular
  7. Lymphatic
  8. Respiratory
  9. Digestive
  10. Urinary
  11. Reproductive
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7
Q

What does the Integumentary System do?

A
  • Regulates Body Temperature
  • Vitamin D synthesis
  • Waste elimination
  • Monitors changes within the external environment
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8
Q

What does the Skeletal System do?

A
  • Supports and protects the body
  • Gives rise to new blood cells
  • stores minerals
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9
Q

What does the Muscular System do?

A
  • Body movements

- Heat Generation

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10
Q

What does the Nervous System do?

A
  • Regulates body activities by detecting, interpreting, and responding to external and internal environmental changes.
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11
Q

What does the Endocrine System do?

A
  • regulates body activities via hormones

-

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12
Q

What does the Cardiovascular System do?

A
  • Distributes Oxygen and Nutrients to cells
  • removes CO2 waste from cells
  • Maintains blood pH balance (7.2)
  • regulates body temperature
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13
Q

What does the Lymphatic System do?

A
  • returns protein and fluids to cardiovascular system
  • transports fats from the gastrointestinal to the cardiovascular system
  • Immune responses aid in protection from disease
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14
Q

What does the Respiratory System do?

A
  • Supplies Oxygen
  • Removes Carbon dioxide
    regulates Acid Base balance, produces vocal sounds
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15
Q

What does the Digestive System do?

A
  • Breaks down food
  • absorbs nutrients
  • eliminates solid and other wastes
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16
Q

What does the Urinary System do?

A
  • Regulates volume and chemical composition of blood
  • Eliminates wastes, regulates fluid and electrolyte balance
  • Maintains acid-base and mineral balance
  • Secretes a hormone that regulates red blood cell production
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17
Q

What does the Reproductive System do?

A
  • Produces gametes (which unite to produce a new organism) and hormones (which regulate some metabolic processes)
18
Q

What are the Six important Life processes of Humans?

A
  • Metabolism
  • Responsiveness
  • Movement
  • Growth
  • Differentiation
  • Reproduction
19
Q

Define Homeostasis.

A

homeo-= sameness, -stasis= staying still. Meaning to maintain a state of equilibrium.

20
Q

What is a Negative feedback loop?

Provide an example:

A

A Response Opposite to the Stimulus.
Example:
Excessive glucose in blood will stimulate the pancreas (islets of Langerhans) to release insulin to bring it back to equilibrium. OR, if there is a deficiency of glucose (excessive insulin) in the blood he pancreas will secrete glucose to bring it back to equilibrium.

21
Q

What is a Positive Feedback Loop?

Provide an Example:

A

The response reinforces the stimulus.
Example:
The most common example is childbirth: Oxytocin causes uterine contractions and the contractions will continue, and oxytocin will continue being secreted until the baby is born.

22
Q

What is Superior?

A
  • (Cephalic or Cranial)

- Towards the head/ upper structure

23
Q

What is Inferior?

A
  • Caudal

- Away from the head/ lower structure

24
Q

What is Anterior?

A
  • Ventral

- Nearer to front of body

25
Q

What is Posterior?

A
  • Dorsal (dorsal)= Nearer to back (think dorsal fin of a shark)
  • Nearer to back
26
Q

What is Medial?

A
  • Nearer to the Midline

- Think Medium

27
Q

What is Lateral?

A
  • Farther from the midline

- Away

28
Q

What is Intermediate?

A

Between 2 structures

29
Q

What is Ipsilateral?

A

On the same side of the body as another structure

30
Q

What is Contralateral?

A

On the opposite side of the body from a structure

31
Q

What is Proximal?

A

Nearer to the attaching limb to the trunk (Proximity)

32
Q

What is Distal?

A

Farther from the attaching limb to the trunk (Distance)

33
Q

What is Superficial?

A

(External) Toward or on the Surface of the Body

34
Q

What is Deep?

A

(Internal), Away from the surface of the body

35
Q

What is Supine?

A

Face UP

36
Q

What is Prone?

A

ON belly

37
Q

What are the various Body Cavities?

A
  • Cranial Cavity
  • Vertebral canal
  • Thoracic Cavity
    • Pleural Cavity
    • Pericardial Cavity
    • Mediastinum
  • Abdominopelvic Cavity
    • Abdominal Cavity
    • Pelvic Cavity
38
Q

What are the Planes going through the body?

A
  • Frontal Plane
  • Transverse Plane
  • Parasitical Plane
  • Midsagittal Plane
  • Oblique Plane
39
Q

What are the 9 regions of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A
  • Right/ Left Hypochondriac Region
  • Epigastric Region
  • Right/ Left Lumbar Region
  • Umbilical Region
  • Right/ Left Inguinal Region
40
Q

What are the 4 quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A
  • Right Upper Quadrant
  • Right Lower Quadrant
  • Left Upper Quadrant
  • Right Lower Quadrant

ANPH100- Anatomy and Physiology (2 decks)

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