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HNC Anatomy Flashcards > Outcome 1 > Flashcards

Outcome 1 Flashcards

Learn about anatomy for test

1
Q

What are the 4 principle levels of organisation from largest to smallest?

A

System
Organ
Tissue
Cell

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2
Q

What are the 5 systems of the human body?

A 
Skeletal system
Muscular system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Cardiovascular system
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3
Q

What are 3 functions of the Skeletal system?

A 
Protection of major organs
Red blood cell production
Movement
Structure and shape
Storage of minerals
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4
Q

What are 3 functions of the Muscular system?

A 
Maintains posture
Heat production
Movement
Support for skeletal tissue
Regulation and movement of materials within the body
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5
Q

What are 3 functions of the Respiratory system?

A

Inspiration of Oxygen
Expiration of Carbon Dioxide
Protection from bacteria

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6
Q

What are 2 functions of the Digestive system?

A

Breakdown and digestion of food

Absorption of nutrients into the blood stream

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7
Q

What are 3 functions of the Cardiovascular system?

A

Transports Oxygen and Carbon dioxide around the body
Transports nutrients around the body
Transports hormones to and from the cells of the body

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8
Q

How does the Cardiovascular system interact with the Skeletal system?

A

Cv system delivers essential nutrients that are required for the skeleton to fulfil functions

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9
Q

How does the Cardiovascular system interact with the Respiratory system?

A

CV system collects oxygen from the lungs and delivers this to the body while also transporting Carbon Dioxide to the lungs for Expiration

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10
Q

How does the Cardiovascular system interact with the Muscular System?

A

The CV system delivers oxygen and essential nutrients to the muscles to allow them to function.

Waste products produced by the muscles are removed by the CV system

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11
Q

How does the Cardiovascular system interact with the Digestive system?

A

The CV system delivers essential nutrients that have been absorbed by the Digestive system to the tissues and organs of the body

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12
Q

What are the 4 main tissue types?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

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13
Q

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

A

Covers outer body surfaces and lines the internal cavities

Also

Protection
Absorption
Filtration

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14
Q

What shapes can epithelial tissue been seen as?

A

Thin
Flat
Cuboid
Elongated

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15
Q

What is the function of Connective tissue?

A

Ranges from loose Connective tissue, fat tissue(adipose) , dense fibrous tissue (ligaments and tendons) and specialised Connective tissue (cartilage, bone, blood and lymph tissue)

Support
Binding
Connection
Protection

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16
Q

What are the three main types of Muscular tissue and their function?

A

Cardiac muscle (involuntary) - Contraction of the heart

Smooth muscle (involuntary) - Movement/regulation of internal organs or fluid

Skeletal (voluntary) - Attached and involved in the movement of bones

17
Q

What does a involuntary muscle mean?

A

A muscle that is not under one’s control such as the diaphragm

18
Q

What does a voluntary muscle mean?

A

A voluntary muscle is one that acts with one’s desire like the bicep muscle and triceps

19
Q

What is the function of nervous tissue?

A

Sense and recieve stimuli
Process information
Transmit information around the body

20
Q

What are the main parts of the cell?

A 
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Cytoplasm
Centriole
Mitochondria
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Plasma membrane
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Ribosome
21
Q

What is the fuction of the cell membrane?

A

The membrane can control movement of materials in and out of the cell

22
Q

What is the function of the Cytoplasm?

A

Region outside the nucleus which contains all the organelles and the cytoplasmic solution

23
Q

What is the function of the Mitochondria?

A

Breaks down nutrients to yield energy

Produces the high energy compound ATP which is used as an energy source

24
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Controls the activity of the cell
Contains collections of DNA which determine all aspects of anatomy and physiology

DNA is arranged in chromosomes which is a blue print for each type of cell

25
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

This is where proteins are manufactured from amino acids

26
Q

What is the function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

To synthesise new proteins

27
Q

What is the difference between Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum contains ribosomes

28
Q

What is the function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

To synthesise different types of lipids (fats)

Aids in metabolism of carbohydrates and drugs

29
Q

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

A

Products of the endoplasmic reticulum are stored within the Golgi Apparatus.They are converted into substances required by the cell to function

30
Q

What is the function of the lyosomes?

A

To break down cellular debris or invading micro-organisms (bacteria)

31
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Diffusion is the movement from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration

32
Q

What is an example of diffusion?

A

Oxygen and nutrients will move from the capillary into the cell

33
Q

What is an example of diffusion?

A

Oxygen and nutrients will move from the capillary into the cell

34
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Osmosis is the movement of water from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

35
Q

What is active transport?

A

Active Transport is when molecules are moved across the cell membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration by specific transport proteins

36
Q

What is needed by the molecules for active transport to take place?

A

The movement is against a concentration gradient so it requires an energy supply

This is provided by the breakdown of ATP inside the cell

HNC Anatomy Flashcards (2 decks)

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