Outcome 1 Flashcards
Learn about anatomy for test
What are the 4 principle levels of organisation from largest to smallest?
System
Organ
Tissue
Cell
What are the 5 systems of the human body?
Skeletal system Muscular system Respiratory system Digestive system Cardiovascular system
What are 3 functions of the Skeletal system?
Protection of major organs Red blood cell production Movement Structure and shape Storage of minerals
What are 3 functions of the Muscular system?
Maintains posture Heat production Movement Support for skeletal tissue Regulation and movement of materials within the body
What are 3 functions of the Respiratory system?
Inspiration of Oxygen
Expiration of Carbon Dioxide
Protection from bacteria
What are 2 functions of the Digestive system?
Breakdown and digestion of food
Absorption of nutrients into the blood stream
What are 3 functions of the Cardiovascular system?
Transports Oxygen and Carbon dioxide around the body
Transports nutrients around the body
Transports hormones to and from the cells of the body
How does the Cardiovascular system interact with the Skeletal system?
Cv system delivers essential nutrients that are required for the skeleton to fulfil functions
How does the Cardiovascular system interact with the Respiratory system?
CV system collects oxygen from the lungs and delivers this to the body while also transporting Carbon Dioxide to the lungs for Expiration
How does the Cardiovascular system interact with the Muscular System?
The CV system delivers oxygen and essential nutrients to the muscles to allow them to function.
Waste products produced by the muscles are removed by the CV system
How does the Cardiovascular system interact with the Digestive system?
The CV system delivers essential nutrients that have been absorbed by the Digestive system to the tissues and organs of the body
What are the 4 main tissue types?
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous
What is the function of epithelial tissue?
Covers outer body surfaces and lines the internal cavities
Also
Protection
Absorption
Filtration
What shapes can epithelial tissue been seen as?
Thin
Flat
Cuboid
Elongated
What is the function of Connective tissue?
Ranges from loose Connective tissue, fat tissue(adipose) , dense fibrous tissue (ligaments and tendons) and specialised Connective tissue (cartilage, bone, blood and lymph tissue)
Support
Binding
Connection
Protection
What are the three main types of Muscular tissue and their function?
Cardiac muscle (involuntary) - Contraction of the heart
Smooth muscle (involuntary) - Movement/regulation of internal organs or fluid
Skeletal (voluntary) - Attached and involved in the movement of bones
What does a involuntary muscle mean?
A muscle that is not under one’s control such as the diaphragm
What does a voluntary muscle mean?
A voluntary muscle is one that acts with one’s desire like the bicep muscle and triceps
What is the function of nervous tissue?
Sense and recieve stimuli
Process information
Transmit information around the body
What are the main parts of the cell?
Nucleus Nucleolus Cytoplasm Centriole Mitochondria Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum Plasma membrane Golgi apparatus Lysosome Ribosome
What is the fuction of the cell membrane?
The membrane can control movement of materials in and out of the cell
What is the function of the Cytoplasm?
Region outside the nucleus which contains all the organelles and the cytoplasmic solution
What is the function of the Mitochondria?
Breaks down nutrients to yield energy
Produces the high energy compound ATP which is used as an energy source
What is the function of the nucleus?
Controls the activity of the cell
Contains collections of DNA which determine all aspects of anatomy and physiology
DNA is arranged in chromosomes which is a blue print for each type of cell
What is the function of ribosomes?
This is where proteins are manufactured from amino acids
What is the function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
To synthesise new proteins
What is the difference between Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum contains ribosomes
What is the function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
To synthesise different types of lipids (fats)
Aids in metabolism of carbohydrates and drugs
What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
Products of the endoplasmic reticulum are stored within the Golgi Apparatus.They are converted into substances required by the cell to function
What is the function of the lyosomes?
To break down cellular debris or invading micro-organisms (bacteria)
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration
What is an example of diffusion?
Oxygen and nutrients will move from the capillary into the cell
What is an example of diffusion?
Oxygen and nutrients will move from the capillary into the cell
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the movement of water from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane
What is active transport?
Active Transport is when molecules are moved across the cell membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration by specific transport proteins
What is needed by the molecules for active transport to take place?
The movement is against a concentration gradient so it requires an energy supply
This is provided by the breakdown of ATP inside the cell
