Outcome 1 Flashcards
Mortality
Number of deaths caused by a particular disease, illness or other environmental factor.
Health Status
An individual or population’s overall health, taking into account life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.
Dimensions of Health
The dimensions of health are physical, mental and social. They combine to determine an individual or group’s overall level of wellbeing.
Mental Dimension of Health
‘State of wellbeing in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her own community.’
Physical Dimension of Health
Efficient functioning of the body and it’s systems, the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness.
Social Dimension of Health
The ability to interact with others and participate in the community in both an independent and cooperative way.
Health Contiuum
Determines the level of health. Health falls somewhere on continuum from high level to low level. Choice made by individual influence this level. High level of health can be categorised by optimal levels of functioning in all dimensions. Low level may lead to premature death and chronic illness. Many other degrees of wellness between these states.
Life Expectancy
‘An indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.’
Health Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE)
A measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health - The number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality.
Burden of Disease
A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries - measures the gap between current health status and ideal situation where everyone lives to old age free of disease and disability.
Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY)
A measure of burden of disease. One DALY equals on year of healthy life lost due to premature death or time spent with disease or disability.
Years Lost due to Disability (YLD)
The non-fatal component of the disease burden and is a measurement of the healthy years lost due to disease or injuries.
Years of Life Lost (YLL)
The fatal burden of disease of a population, defined as the years of life lost due to death.
Determinants of Health
Factors that raise or lower health in a population or individual. Help to explain or predict trends in health and why some groups have better health than others. Can be biological, behavioural, social or physical environment.
Social Determinants
Aspects of society and social environment that impact on health, such as poverty , early life experiences, unemployment and education level.
Physical Environment
Physical surroundings that impact on health. Such as water and air, workplaces, housing, roads, nature, schools and exposure to hazards.
Biological Determinants
Factors relating to the body that impact on health, such as genetics, hormones, body weight, blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
Behavioural Determinants
Actions or patterns of living that impact on health, such as smoking, sexual activity, alcohol consumption, participation in physical activity and eating habits.
Health
‘A state of complete physical, social and mental wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.’
Infant Mortality Rates
The number of deaths that occur within the first year of life. Reported by the number of deaths per 1000 live births.
Wellbeing
The state of being healthy, happy and contented, usually determined through self-assessment.
Under-five Mortality Rate (URMR)
‘The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births’
Incidence
The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time.
Prevalence
‘The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population, at a given time.’
Morbidity
‘Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group.’
