Outcome 1

Question 1

Mortality

Answer 1

Number of deaths caused by a particular disease, illness or other environmental factor.

Question 2

Health Status

Answer 2

An individual or population’s overall health, taking into account life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.

Question 3

Dimensions of Health

Answer 3

The dimensions of health are physical, mental and social. They combine to determine an individual or group’s overall level of wellbeing.

Question 4

Mental Dimension of Health

Answer 4

‘State of wellbeing in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her own community.’

Question 5

Physical Dimension of Health

Answer 5

Efficient functioning of the body and it’s systems, the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness.

Question 6

Social Dimension of Health

Answer 6

The ability to interact with others and participate in the community in both an independent and cooperative way.

Question 7

Health Contiuum

Answer 7

Determines the level of health. Health falls somewhere on continuum from high level to low level. Choice made by individual influence this level. High level of health can be categorised by optimal levels of functioning in all dimensions. Low level may lead to premature death and chronic illness. Many other degrees of wellness between these states.

Question 8

Life Expectancy

Answer 8

‘An indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.’

Question 9

Health Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE)

Answer 9

A measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health - The number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality.

Question 10

Burden of Disease

Answer 10

A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries - measures the gap between current health status and ideal situation where everyone lives to old age free of disease and disability.

Question 11

Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY)

Answer 11

A measure of burden of disease. One DALY equals on year of healthy life lost due to premature death or time spent with disease or disability.

Question 12

Years Lost due to Disability (YLD)

Answer 12

The non-fatal component of the disease burden and is a measurement of the healthy years lost due to disease or injuries.

Question 13

Years of Life Lost (YLL)

Answer 13

The fatal burden of disease of a population, defined as the years of life lost due to death.

Question 14

Determinants of Health

Answer 14

Factors that raise or lower health in a population or individual. Help to explain or predict trends in health and why some groups have better health than others. Can be biological, behavioural, social or physical environment.

Question 15

Social Determinants

Answer 15

Aspects of society and social environment that impact on health, such as poverty , early life experiences, unemployment and education level.

Question 16

Physical Environment

Answer 16

Physical surroundings that impact on health. Such as water and air, workplaces, housing, roads, nature, schools and exposure to hazards.

Question 17

Biological Determinants

Answer 17

Factors relating to the body that impact on health, such as genetics, hormones, body weight, blood pressure and cholesterol levels.

Question 18

Behavioural Determinants

Answer 18

Actions or patterns of living that impact on health, such as smoking, sexual activity, alcohol consumption, participation in physical activity and eating habits.

Question 19

Health

Answer 19

‘A state of complete physical, social and mental wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.’

Question 20

Infant Mortality Rates

Answer 20

The number of deaths that occur within the first year of life. Reported by the number of deaths per 1000 live births.

Question 21

Wellbeing

Answer 21

The state of being healthy, happy and contented, usually determined through self-assessment.

Question 22

Under-five Mortality Rate (URMR)

Answer 22

‘The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births’

Question 23

Incidence

Answer 23

The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time.

Question 24

Prevalence

Answer 24

‘The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population, at a given time.’

Question 25

Morbidity

Answer 25

‘Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group.’