Outbreak management Flashcards
Define disease outbreak
increase in the total number or frequency of cases than would be expected at any given time and location or significant increase in severity and duration
Three things a pathogen needs to transmit disease
Environment, host and pathogen
Examples of environmental factors that enable disease
physical barriers, kennel design, population denisty,climate
Examples of host factors that enable disease
immunity, age and comorbidities
Examples of pathogen factors that enable disease
infectivity, resiliency, shedding
Management of pathogen to host
increase the animals ability to flight off disease: vaccination, ID and treat, nutrition
Management strategies for controlling, preventing an outbreak
- prevention
- diagnosis
- isolation
- quarantine
- environment
- new population
two goals
stop transmission and alleviate suffering
Management of host to Environment
boost immunity through comfort: primary enclosures, maintain capacity, plan traffic flow
Prevention
- Daily rounds: ID early and work to decrease length of stay
- protocols: set up and flow, involve a vet, how specific high risk diseases are handled
- documentation: start at time of intake!! Very important for your whats, whens, wheres, whys
Management strategies for environment to pathogens
decrease chance of encountering pathogen: Disease transmission, sanitation, design
Line list
list of animals that are infected and a bit about there condition and how its been control so far
Diagnosis
- verify pathogen
- outline clinical signs
- run diagnostics (fast tests preferred)
Verification of pathogen
- shedding time
- incubation
- transmission
- longevity in environment
- effectiveness of vaccination and disinfectants
- necropsy
which animals should be tested?
symptomatic animals, highly suspicious, exposure history –> waste of time and resources to test everyone
Who would be good to test?
- clinically sick
- dogs under 6 mo. (susceptible)
- Animals exposed (through fomites included)
- in a mass breakout with smaller place
Define isolation
separation of clinically ill animals with a communicable disease from those who are healthy and not yet clinical
isolation as a management technique
biosecurity, isolate for length of contagious period, continue testing (know when shedding has stopped), alternative isolation areas –> depopulation is last resort
Define quarantine
Separation of animals known to be exposed to pathogen but not exhibiting clinical signs
Quarantine as a management technique
Biosecurity, testing (run titers), assess risk level of exposure (hard to ID animals that are in various stages of being vaccinated), length of incubation period
True or false - the severity of clinical skills is a reflection of how bad an infect is
false, the animal could have better immunity or not infected with the same disease
infectivity
amount of virus needed to infect. Less virus needed more severe disease
Environmental decontamination as a management technique
- clean and disinfect (to target pathogen)
- Consider “degreasing”
- Consider all sources of contamination
- look at what people are doing –> are they being cleaned effectively
Introducing a new population as a management technique
limited versus open, vaccination and prophylactic care to new intake
Limited versus open clinics
Limited - can stop taking certain animals that pose infective risk to the shelter
Open - cannot limit (usually municipal) but can stream line elsewhere for a period of time
Enforce strict cleaning break between ____ and ______ and ______
isolation, quarantine, new clean animals. No people crossing these lines, no cleaning supplies crossing these boarders, no fomites crossing boarder
Who should be communicated with?
staff, volunteers, donors, vet offices, adopters, local government
what do you risk with not communicating?
increased euthanasia, decreased lifes saved, lost resources, ruin shelter reputation
