out of school factors

Question 1

what are the out of school factors causing differential achievement based on race?

Answer 1

• material deprivation
• family structure
• attitudes and values
• linguistic skills
  -racism in wider society

Question 2

what is material deprivation?

Answer 2

lacking basic (physical) necessities

Question 3

who is 3x more likely than whites to be in the poorest 5th of the population?

Answer 3

Pakistanis and Bangladeshis

Question 4

what are Pakistanis and Bangladeshis 5x more likely than whites to be?

Answer 4

in the poorest 5th of the population

Question 5

how many times more likely than whites are Pakistanis and Bangladeshis to be in the poorest 5ht of the population?

Answer 5

5x more likely

Question 6

why may ethnic minorities be at greater risk of material deprivation (as a result of unemployment)?

Answer 6

lack of language skills, foreign qualifications not being recognized, or racial discrimation.

Question 7

Indian pupils who achieve above average are more likely to be from what?

Answer 7

better-off backgrounds

Question 8

what’s the evaluation of material deprivation as an explanation of why ethnicity causes differential achievement?

Answer 8

policies have been introduced to tackle this problem

Question 9

what is an example of a policy introduced to reduce differential achievement due to material deprivation?

Answer 9

Pupil Premium

Question 10

Which sociologist completed research into family structure/lack of parental support causing differential achievement due to ethnicity?

Answer 10

Sewell

Question 11

what does Sewell argue is the reason why black boys underachieve?

Answer 11

they have a lack of fatherly nurturing or tough love

Question 12

what does having a lack of fatherly nurturing or tough love mean for black boys?

Answer 12

they find it hard to overcome emotional and behavioural difficulties of adolescence as they cannot go to their father about these problems

Question 13

where may black boys resort to for ‘perverse loyalty and love’?

Answer 13

street gangs

Question 14

what do street gangs offer black boys?

Answer 14

‘perverse loyalty and love’

Question 15

what do street gangs present black boys with?

Answer 15

media-inspired role model of anti-school black masculinity which they feel pressured to conform to.

Question 16

what reinforces the anti-school black masculinity identity?

Answer 16

rap lyrics and videos

Question 17

what’s the evaluation of lack of parental support as an explanation for differential achievement due to ethnicity?

Answer 17

Gillborn argues that it isn’t peer pressure but institutional racism that fails a large number of black boys

Question 18

which ethnic group do cultural deprivation theorists state argue that their attitudes and values cause them to underachieve?

Answer 18

black

Question 19

what do cultural deprivation theorists argue about attitudes and values of black families?

Answer 19

black children are not socialised into mainstream culture that values long-term success but into a fatalistic one that doesn’t value education.

Question 20

what do cultural deprivation theorists argue that black children are socialised into?

Answer 20

a fatalistic (luck) culture that doesn’t value education or working for long-term success (immediate gratification)

Question 21

what’s an evaluation of attitudes and values as an explanation of why black students underachieve?

Answer 21

these attitudes may not result from black families socialising them into a different culture but because of self-fullfilling prophecy due to racialised expectations

Question 22

who completed research into the attitudes and values of Asian families causing differential achievement?

Answer 22

Driver and Ballard

Question 23

what did Driver and Ballard suggest about the attitudes and values of Asian families?

Answer 23

They have high aspirations (expectations) for their children and placing a high value on education, passing on the Asian work ethic.

Question 24

what’s an evaluation of Driver and Ballard’s research into attitudes and values as an explanation of differential achievement due to race?

Answer 24

it doesn’t explain why Pakistani and Bangladeshi pupils perform below average at GSCE

Question 25

what is a view about how linguistic skills may cause differential achievement for Asian students?

Answer 25

that children who do not speak English at home may be held back educationally

Question 26

what did the PSI study about languages find?

Answer 26

that lack of fluency in English is a significant problem for some groups

Question 27

what evidence does the PSI study provide for lack of fluency in English being a significant issue for some groups?

Answer 27

a fifth of Pakistani and Bangladeshi women are not fluent in English

Question 28

what is an evaluation of linguistic skills causing differential achievement due to ethnicity?

Answer 28

Gillborn and Mirza point out that the high attainment of Indian pupils suggest that having English as a second language is not a major barrier therefore not a complete explanation.

Question 29

which sociologists use the high attainment of Indian pupils as an evaluation of language causing differential achievement?

Answer 29

Gillborn and Mirza

Question 30

which sociologists argue that language causes underachievement for black students?

Answer 30

Berieter and Engelmann

Question 31

what do Berieter and Engelmann argue about the language used by black students?

Answer 31

that it’s inadequate for educational success as its ungrammatical, disjointed and restricted code, and not accepted in exams

Question 32

which sociologist conducted research into racism in wider society?

Answer 32

Wood et al

Question 33

what was the procedure of Wood et al’s research?

Answer 33

sent three similar job applications to 1000 job vacancies but used different names with association with different ethnic groups

Question 34

what did Wood et al find?

Answer 34

1/16 ethnic minority applications were offered and interview in comparison to 1/9 white applications

Question 35

what may the affects my the findings of Wood et al’s research be on ethnic minority children?

Answer 35

as they know they have to work twice as hard children may give up and fail as they know the system is already working against them

Question 36

what’s an evaluation of racism in wider society being an explanation of differential achievement due to ethnicity?

Answer 36

equal opportunity legislations have been put in place to help tackle this problem.