Our Restless Planet - Half Term 1

Question 1

Define ‘hazard’

Answer 1

A naturally occurring or human produced occurrance that has the potential to cause damage

Question 2

Define ‘disaster’

Answer 2

An event when people experience severe damage or disruption to their lives as a consequence of a hazard

Question 3

What is the innermost layer of the earth called?

Answer 3

Inner core

Question 4

What is the second-innermost layer of the Earth called?

Answer 4

Outer core

Question 5

What is the second-outermost layer of the Earth called?

Answer 5

Mantle

Question 6

What is the outermost layer of the Earth called?

Answer 6

Crust

Question 7

Define ‘tectonic plate’

Answer 7

Tectonic plates are pieces of the Earth’s crust which make up the Earth’s surface

Question 8

Define ‘plate boundary’ (also known as plate margin)

Answer 8

The point where two plates meet

Question 9

Define ‘earthquake’

Answer 9

A sudden violent shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through the Earth

Question 10

Define ‘volcano’

Answer 10

An opening in a planet or moon’s curst through which molten rock, hot gases, or other materials erupt

Question 11

What is the oceanic crust made of?

Answer 11

Silicon and magnesium

Question 12

What is the continental crust made up of?

Answer 12

Silicon and aliminium (NOT aluminum)

Question 13

The rock closest to the boundary is (oldest/newest)

Answer 13

Newest

Question 14

What does subducting mean?

Answer 14

Sinking

Question 14

How do fold mountains form?

Answer 14

Plates converge. Due to the two plates being the same weight, they both go up. (e.g. Himalayas)

Question 15

What is a destructive margin?

Answer 15

An area on Earth where two or more tectonic plates collide (e.g. Pacific and Eurasian plate)

Question 15

What is a constructive margin?

Answer 15

An area on Earth where two or more tectonic plates move apart (e.g. Mid-Atlantic ridge)

Question 16

Why does a volcano erupt in a constructive margin?

Answer 16

• The upper mantle melts
• It rises through the gap formed by the tectonic plates because hot things rise

Question 16

What is a conservative plate margin?

Answer 16

An area on Earth where two or more tectonic plates slide past each other, where no new rock is created or destroyed

Question 17

What are some hazards of a constructive margin?

Answer 17

• Earthquakes
• Eruptions

Question 17

Why does some rock subduct in a destructive margin?

Answer 17

One of the plates subducts because it is heavier, therefore it sinks.

Question 18

Why does a volcano erupt in a destructive margin?

Answer 18

• Gases and magma can’t escape due to there being no gap
• Pressure builds up
• More explosive than constructive margin

Question 19

Why do plates move?

Answer 19

Ridge push

Question 20

Define ‘focus’ (in the context of an earthquake)

Answer 20

The point in the Earth’s crust where the earthquake forms

Question 21

Define ‘epicentre’

Answer 21

The point where the earthquake huts the Earth’s surface, directly above the focus

Question 22

Define ‘seismic waves’

Answer 22

Currents of energy that travel though the Earth

Question 23

What are the steps for an earthquake?

Answer 23

1. Plates move
2. Plates get stuck
3. Pressure builds up
4. Plates stop + pressure is released
5. Earthquake occurs