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A) Higher Physics > Our dynamic universe > Flashcards

Our dynamic universe Flashcards

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1
Q

Scalar

A

A quantity defined by its magnitude

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2
Q

Vector

A

A quantity defined by both its magnitude and its direction

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3
Q

Where a scalar has distance a vector has

A

Displacement

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4
Q

Where a scalar has time a vector has

A

Velocity

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5
Q

Where a scalar has speed a vector has

A

Acceleration

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6
Q

Where a scalar has energy a vector has

A

Force

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7
Q

Where a scalar has mass a vector has

A

Momentum

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8
Q

Distance

A

The distance an object has traveled is simply a measure of how far the object travels.
The direction is irrelevant

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9
Q

Where a scalar has displacement a vector has

A

A measure of how far the finlay point is from the starting point
Has magnitude and direction

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10
Q

Speed=

A

Distance

Time

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11
Q

Velocity

A

Displacement

Time

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12
Q

Acceleration

A

The rate of change in velocity

Time taken

U=v-a
T

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13
Q

Acceleration is measured in…

A

Meters per second

Ms^-2

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14
Q

Newtons first law

A

An object will remain at rest or continue to move at a constant speed (in a straight line) unless acted upon by an unbalanced force

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15
Q

What are the consequences of newtons first law

A 
Constant speed (including stationary)= balanced forces
Acceleration must involve unbalanced forces
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16
Q

Forces are balanced if….

A

They are equal in size but opposite in direction

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17
Q

Newtons second law

A 
F=ma
Where
F= unbalanced force in newtons (N)
M= mass in kg
a= acceleration
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18
Q

In F=ma if m increases….

A

a decreases

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19
Q

In F=ma if F increases…

A

a increases

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20
Q

Newtons third law

A

Concerning equal forces, If A exerts a force on B, then B exerts an equal but opposite force

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21
Q

Distance

A

The total path length described by magnitude alone

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22
Q

Displacement

A

Is the direct length from a starting point to a finishing point
To describe displacement both magnitude and direction must be given

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23
Q

Average velocity

A

Displacement

Time

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24
Q

Velocity has….

A

Magnitude and direction

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25
Q

Displacement and velocity have direction as well as magnitude and are hence….

A

Vectors

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26
Q

Distance and speed do not have direction but do have magnitude and are hence…

A

Scalars

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27
Q

In a velocity time graph, displacement is….

A

The area under

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28
Q

In a velocity time graph, acceleration is….

A

The gradient

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29
Q

In equations, S stands for…

A

Displacement (m)

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30
Q

In equations, U stands for…

A

Initial velocity (ms^-1)

31
Q

In equations, V stands for…

A

Final velocity (ms^-1)

32
Q

In equations, A stands for…

A

Acceleration (ms^-2)

33
Q

In equations, T stands for…

A

Time (s)

34
Q

V=..

A

U+at

35
Q

S=…

A

Ut+1/2 at^2

36
Q

When adding two vectors in the same direction together the resultant is equal to….

A

Their sum

37
Q

When adding two vectors in the opposite direction together the resultant is equal to….

A

Their differences

38
Q

In F=ma what is F

A

The resultant or unbound force measured in newtons, N

39
Q

In F=ma what is m

A

The mass in kilograms, kg

40
Q

In F=ma what is a

A

The acceleration measured in meters per second per second, ms^-2

41
Q

In W=mg what is W

A

The weight measured in neutrons

42
Q

In W=mg what is m

A

The mass measured in kilograms, kg

43
Q

In W=mg what is g

A

The gravitational field streangth in newtons per kilogram, Nkg ^-1

44
Q

Unbalanced force =

A

Thrust-frictional forces

45
Q

When a person stands on a scale the reading is…..

A

The force the scale exerts toward the person to support the persons weight

46
Q

When a person on a scale experiences acceleration….

A

It will change to the force between the person and the scale

47
Q

Objects are known to accelerate down inclined planes because of…

A

An unbalanced force

48
Q

Momentum

A

Mass x velocity

(P=mxv

49
Q

Momentum is measured in

A

Kgms^-1

50
Q

Is momentum vector or scalar

A

Vector

51
Q

The law of conservation of momentum

A

When two objects collide the total momentum/explosion before the collision is equal to the total
momentum/explosion after the collision in the absence of external forces

52
Q

Impulse

A

FxT

53
Q

Impulse is measured in …

A

Neutons per second Ns

54
Q

The area under a force time graph corresponds to…..

A

The change in momentum, the impulse

55
Q

Newtons law of gravitation

A

M1m2
F=G——-
r^2

56
Q

Universal constant of gravitation

A

6.67x10^-11m^3kg^-1s^-2

57
Q

Special Relativity

A

Explains hie space snd time are linked for objects that are moving at a constant speed in a straight line
the speed of light in a vacuum is the same for all observers

58
Q

Time dilation

A

Due to the effects of special Relativity the moving clock measures a shorter time than the stationary clock

59
Q

Time dilation equation

A

t
t’=—————-
|—————
| 1-(v/c)^2

60
Q

The Doppler effect

A

The apparent change in frequencies of a wave caused by relative motion between the sound wave and the observer

61
Q

Formula for the doppler effect

A

V
f.=f,(—————-)
|—————
| v +/- Vs

62
Q

Due to the doppler effect, if the source of a sound is moving towards an observer….

A

The frequency increases

The wavelength decreases

63
Q

Due to the doppler effect, if the source of a sound is moving away an observer….

A

The frequency decreases

The wavelength increases

64
Q

Hubbels Law

A

V=H•d

65
Q

In hubbels law v is…

A

The velocity of a receding galaxy

66
Q

In hubbels law d is…

A

The distance to the galaxy

67
Q

In hubbels law H• is…

A

Hubbels constant

2.3x10^-18s^-1

68
Q

Dark matter

A

Galaxies seem to rotate too quickly for the mass of their stars
Suggests that there is mass in the universe that is invisible to instruments used by scientists
Know it is there because it has gravity that affects objects nearby
Must make up 21% of the universe

69
Q

Dark energy

A

Galaxies are moving away increasingly faster. The expansion of the universe is accelerating
Scientists do not understand how this could happen but have come up with dark energy
Must make up 74% of the universe

70
Q

The higher the temperature of an object…..

A

The shorter the peak wavelength of its spectrum

71
Q

Which is hotter blue or red stars

A

Blue

72
Q

Hotter objects emit….than cooler objects

A

More radiation per unit area per unit time t

73
Q

Describe evidenced supporting the Big Bang theory

A

Cosmic microwave background radiation
The abundance of hydrogen and helium
The darkness of the sky ( obleis paradox
The large number of galaxies showing redshift rather than blue shift

A) Higher Physics (2 decks)

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