Otology

Question 1

What is the most internal structure of the outer ear?

Answer 1

Tympanic membrane

Question 2

Name the 3 ossicles?

Answer 2

• Mallea
• Incus
• Stapes

Question 3

What part of the ear are the ossicles (mallea, incus, stapes) found?

Answer 3

Middle ear

Question 4

What does the stapes attach to and beat against?

Answer 4

The oval window

Question 5

What is the outer visibile part of the ear called?

Answer 5

Pinna

Question 6

What is the tube in the outer ear that connects to the tympanic membrane called?

Answer 6

External auditory meatus/canal

Question 7

What canal connects the middle ear with the nasal sinus cavity?

Answer 7

Eustachian or Pharyngotympanic tube

Question 8

What are the 2 distinc portions of the inner ear?

Answer 8

• Semicircular canals (vestibular portion)
• Cochlea (auditory portion)

Question 9

What fluid is found in the inner ear?

Answer 9

Endolymph

Question 10

What vibrates secondary to sound waves within the inner ear?

Answer 10

Basilar membrane

Question 11

Where is low frq sound heard in the cochlea?

Answer 11

Apex near helicotrema

Question 12

The phenomenon whereby different frequencies leads to a vibration at a different part is of the cochlea is known as what?

Answer 12

Tonotropy

Question 13

Where is high frequency heard in the cochlea?

Answer 13

Base

Question 14

What part of the cochlea is thin and rigid and what part s wide and flexible?

Answer 14

• Apex (near helicotrema) = wide and flexibile
• Base = thin and rigid

Question 15

What are damaged in noise-induced hearing loss (over a ling period)?

Answer 15

Stereociliated cells in organ of corti

Question 16

What frq of hearing is lost first?

Answer 16

High frq

Question 17

Sudden onset hearing loss is due to what?

Answer 17

Tympanic membrane rupture

Question 18

Presbycusis is due to what?

Answer 18

Destruction of hair cells at cochlear base

Question 19

What is the mechanism behind cholesteatoma?

Answer 19

Overgrowth of desquamated keratin debris within middle ear space
- May erode ossicles, mastoid air cells
- Congenital or aquired from recurrent ottitis media

Question 20

What kind of hearing loss is in cholesteatoma?

Answer 20

Conductive

Question 21

What kind of hearing loss is in cholesteatoma?

Answer 21

Conductive

Question 22

What does cholesteatoma usually present with?

Answer 22

Painless otorrhea (liquid from ear)

Question 23

What kind of vertigo is more common peripheral or central?

Answer 23

Peripheral

Question 24

What is Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo due to?

Answer 24

Debris within semicircular canals

Question 25

Vestibular nerve infection is what kind of vertigo?

Answer 25

Peripheral

Question 26

What is Meniere disease due to?

Answer 26

Increased enolymph within inner ear

Question 27

What are the triad of symptoms which cause Meniere disease?

Answer 27

• Sensorineural hearing loss
• Vertigo
• Tinnitus

Question 28

What can Epley maneuver treat?

Answer 28

BPPV

Question 29

Low salt diet +/- diuretics can treat what?

Answer 29

Meniere disease

Question 30

What drugs can generally treat peripheral vertigo?

Answer 30

• Antihistamines
• Anticholinergics
• Antiemetics (symptomatic relief)

Question 31

What symptoms can point to a diagnosis of central rather than peripheral vertigo?

Answer 31

• Directional or purely vertical nystagmus
• Skew deviation (vertical misalignment of the eyes)
• Diplopia (double vision)
• Dysmetria (uncoordinated movements)