Otitis Media Flashcards
Define otitis media
Group of inflammation of the middle ear, most common in infants and children
Give the subtypes of otitis media and what they are differentiated by .
Acute otitis media (AOM)-acute signs of infection
Otitis media with effusion (OME)-presence of middle ear inflammation
Chronic otitis media-presence of fluid in the middle ear
Give function of ET(eustachian tube)
*protenction from nasopharyngeal secretions
*ventilation
*clearance of middle ear secretions
Outline
OME
OME-collection of non-infected fluid in middle ear without signs of an acute infection
Results from common cold, sore throat or any upper respiratory infection
AOM
Infection of ear with rapid onset presenting with signs of acute inflammation, otalgia, bulging of TM(from otoscopic finding)
Chronic OME
Effusion(dense) of middle ear persisting for >3 months
May have cholesteatoma formation
Etiology if OM
Viral, bacterial , insult, leukocyte, ET abnormalities, resolving cystic fibrosis
Risk factors for OM
Attending day care
Passive smoking
Congenital birth defects
Immunocompromised status
Pathophysiology of OM
- Mechanic obstruction of ET ie tumor
- Non mechanic obstruction
- Impaired cilia syndrome
- Clearance and defense dysfunction
- Weakness of related muscle
Bacteria causing AOM
S.pneumonia
H. Influenza
M.catarrhalis
Haemolytic streptococcus
Classification of OM
Duration of disease(acute, chronic)
Quality of effusion
Serous, mucous, purulent
Appearance of TM ( otoscopic findings)
Clinical Presentation of AOM
Irritability
Tugging to the ear
Otolgia
Upper respiratory tract infection symptoms
Fever
Intense erythema of TM
New onset otorrhoea
Otitis media classification based of TM
Normal TM-translucent, no erythema, handle of malleus vertical
AOM-TM is bulging and red, inflamed and TM white from puss in the middle , handle of malleus not visible
OME-reduced mobility,effusion present , opacification of TM
What is glue ear(chronic mucoid OM)
Hearing loss, thick effusion , no air, opaque/gray
Cholestatoma
Accumulation of squamous epithelium in middle ear and mastoid
Osteolytic enzymes
Often accompanied with chronic otorrhea