Otitis externa Flashcards
What is otitis externa commonly referred to as?
Otitis externa is often referred to as ‘swimmer’s ear.’
What are the key causes of otitis externa?
Key causes include infection (bacterial or fungal), seborrhoeic dermatitis, contact dermatitis (allergic or irritant), and recent swimming.
What are the predominant bacterial causes of otitis externa?
Predominantly bacterial causes include Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
What are the common symptoms of otitis externa?
Common symptoms include ear pain, itching, and discharge.
What are the otoscopy findings in otitis externa?
Otoscopy findings may include redness, swelling, or eczematous changes in the ear canal.
What is the initial management for otitis externa?
Initial management includes topical antibiotics (e.g., ciprofloxacin) or a combined topical antibiotic with a steroid (e.g., hydrocortisone). Avoid aminoglycosides if the tympanic membrane is perforated.
What should be done if canal debris is present in otitis externa?
If canal debris is present, consider mechanical removal.
What is an ear wick used for in otitis externa?
An ear wick may be inserted for extensive canal swelling.
What are second-line options for managing otitis externa?
Second-line options include assessing for contact dermatitis from neomycin, oral antibiotics (e.g., flucloxacillin) for spreading infections, culturing swabs from the ear canal for targeted therapy, and empirical antifungal treatment if a fungal infection is suspected.
What should be done if there’s no improvement with topical therapy for otitis externa?
If there’s no improvement with topical therapy, referral to ENT is warranted.
What is malignant otitis externa and who is at risk?
Malignant otitis externa, particularly in elderly diabetics, necessitates aggressive management with intravenous antibiotics due to potential complications involving the bony ear canal and surrounding soft tissues.
