Others

Question 1

What is the most common brain herniation?

Answer 1

Subfalcine/cingulate

Question 2

What are the three most sensitive neurons to hypoxic injury?

Answer 2

Pyramidal cells of hippocampus, Pyramidal neurons in cerebral cortex and Purkinje cells of cerebellum

Question 3

What do you call these minute anuerysms which are seen in chronic hypertension? They are usually less than 300 micrometers in diameter.

Answer 3

Charcot-Bouchard microaneurysms

Question 4

Hypertension is to ganglionic hemorrhages of deep nuclei while Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy is to hemorrhages of __________?

Answer 4

Lobar hemorrhages

Question 5

What do you call the condition wherein the pattern of injury in hypertensive encepalopathy involves large areas of the subcortical white matter with myelin and axonal loss?

Answer 5

Binswanger disease

Question 6

This is the most common hereditary form of cerebral angiopathy? What is the gene mutation?

Answer 6

CADASIL (Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencepalopathy)

Mutation in the NOTCH3 gene - encoding for vascular smooth muscle

Question 7

Which of the following is true of epidural hematoma?
A. It involves the bridging veins
B. It does not cross the midline
C. It may expand rapidly hence a neurosurgical emergency
D. It is common in older patients with brain atrophy

Answer 7

D.

Question 8

This posterior fossa anomaly is characterized by an enlarged posterior fossa with only a rudimentary form of the cerebellar vermis. In its place is often a large cyst. 
A. Chiari type I 
B. Chiari type II 
C. Dandy-Walker malformation 
D. Joubert syndrome

Answer 8

C.

Question 9

The following statements favor cavernous malformation versus an av malformation.
A. Pulsatile with high blood blow
B. Vascular channels are separated by brain tissue
C. Tangled network of wormlike vascular channels
D. Distended, loosely organized vascular channels arranged back to back with collagenized walls of variable thickness.

Answer 9

D.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true?
A. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is more common in males, usually in 50-60 yo
B. AV malformation is more common in females of ages 10 to 30 yo
C. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is commonly caused by rupture of berry aneurysm located in the posterior circulation.
D. The most common site of av malformation is the middle cerebral artery.

Answer 10

D.

Remarks: SAH is more common in females while AV mal is more common in males.

Question 11

What is a frequent initial manifestation of multiple sclerosis?

Answer 11

Optic neuritis or retrobulbar neuritis causing unilateral visual impairment

Question 12

What is the acute brain disorder after a rapid correction of hyponatremia?

Answer 12

Central pontine myelinolysis

Question 13

What is the difference of neurodegenerative diseases from prion disease?

Answer 13

Neurodegenerative diseases are not transmissible

Question 14

Which of the following is responsible for accumulation of plaques and tangles in Alzheimers disease?
A. alpha-secretase
B. beta-secretase
C. gamma-secretase
D. delta-secretase

Answer 14

B. beta secretase

Question 15

This apolipoprotein allele is responsible for the genetic susceptibility of sporadic cases of Alzheimers disease. 
A. APOE e1
B. APOE e2
C. APOE e3
D. APOE e4

Answer 15

D. e4

Question 16

What syndrome increases the risk of familial type of Alzheimers disease?

Answer 16

Trisomy 21

Remarks: Amyloid proteins are also coded on the same gene.