Others

Question 1

Causes of infertility

Answer 1

• Endocrine disorder: pituitary Ca, hypopituitarism
• Uterine disorder: fibroid, uterine anomalies, intrauterine adhesion, luteal phase defect
• Tubal disorder: blocked tube, adhesion from previous surgery
• Ovarian disorder: ovulatory disorder, ovarian cyst

Question 2

What is dating scan and when to check

Answer 2

• Scan to establish the gestational age of the pregnancy by measuring CRL (first 14 weeks) and FL, BPD, HC (14-20 weeks)
• Should be done <20 weeks of pregnancy

Question 3

Function of dexamethasone in preterm baby

Answer 3

Prevention of:

• Respiratory distress syndrome
• Necrotizing enterocolitis
• Intraventricular hemorrhage

Question 4

What is removed in hysterectomy

Answer 4

• Uterus
• Parametrial tissue
• Paracervical tissue
• Vaginal cuff
• LN - even if normal (eg: pelvic, para-aortic LN)

Question 5

MOA of COCP and POP

Answer 5

• COCP: suppress ovulation by preventing ovarian follicular maturation
• POP: thickens the cervical mucus thus decreased sperm penetrability of cervix and also reduce the ovulation process

Question 6

Benefit of hormone replacement therapy

Answer 6

• Reduce menopausal symptoms c/b hypoestrogenism (eg: hot flashes, vaginal atrophy, mood swing)
• Reduction of fracture risk
• Reduction of colorectal cancer risk

Question 7

Contraindication of HRT

Answer 7

• History of breast cancer, CHD
• Previous venous thromboembolism event/ stroke
• Active liver disease
• Unexplained vaginal bleeding
• High risk for endometrial cancer
• Transient ischemic attack